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The Investigation of Perfluorinated Compounds in Surface Waters of the Xixi Wetland, Hangzhou, China

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Abstract

The distribution patterns of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the surface waters of Xixi wetland, China, were investigated for the first time. Among the eight PFCs investigated, only perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected. PFOA was the most prominent PFC, and detected in all of the samples with higher PFOA concentrations (maximum: 197.8 ng L−1), followed by PFHpA (maximum: 3.97 ng L−1). Geographical differences in PFC levels were not observed among various sampling locations except for the YanShan River location, but seasonal changes have been observed for PFOA. The study suggested that the water diversion project from the Qiantang River to the Xixi Wetland may have significantly contributed to the increase of PFOA level, and that domestic sewage and farmland irrigation runoff are constant pollution sources to the Xixi Wetland.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (2016C33039; 2016C32022), the Public Technology Research Project (Analysis and Measurement) of Zhejiang Province (2013C37098) and Science and Technology Project of Water Resources Department of Zhejiang Province (RC1537).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biology & Environment Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China

    Huiying Xu, Chao Lei, Xiaolu Xu, Yin Lu & Deyong Zhang

  2. Department of Basic Courses, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China

    Jianqing Zhu

  3. Zhejiang Surveying Institute of Estuary and Coast, Hangzhou, 310008, China

    Wei Wang

Authors
  1. Huiying Xu
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  2. Jianqing Zhu
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  3. Chao Lei
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  4. Xiaolu Xu
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  5. Wei Wang
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  6. Yin Lu
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  7. Deyong Zhang
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Correspondence to Huiying Xu or Xiaolu Xu.

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Xu, H., Zhu, J., Lei, C. et al. The Investigation of Perfluorinated Compounds in Surface Waters of the Xixi Wetland, Hangzhou, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 97, 770–775 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1954-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1954-9

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