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Investigation of weld defects, microstructural, and mechanical features of TWIP and austenitic stainless steel dissimilar joints by pulsed GTAW process

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Abstract

The herein study investigated defects, microstructure, and mechanical properties of two dissimilar welded joints between a twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel and the austenitic stainless steel (ASS) of grade AISI 304L. Dissimilar two-pass welded joints were performed through the pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW-P) process. Weld defects were characterized through radiographic testing, light optical (LOM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Discontinuities (lack of fusion) formed in autogenous and filler metal joints were associated with distortion and uneven heat input distribution. Macrographs and radiograms of weld bead cross-section revealed that discontinuities were linear (in the autogenous weld) and rounded (in filler metal weld). The linear discontinuity induced hot cracking in the fusion zone (FZ). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scanning performed on both dissimilar weldments indicated that the element diffusion process was produced from the base material (BM) to the FZ. The mechanical characterization demonstrated that the dissimilar welded joint with filler metal (ER309L-Si) had higher mechanical properties than the autogenous one. The Si addition to the welded metal and the heterogeneous grain size distribution in the TWIP steel side contributed to enhancing the mechanical strength and elongation to fracture.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the National Council on Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México) and the Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia for support during the project. The present research project was financially supported by Tecnológico Nacional de México under project no. 7935.20-P. O.D Frasco-García and Víctor García’s studies were sponsored by the National Council on Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México) (N.B. 1008031 and 2019–000006-01NACV-00236).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Metal Mecánica, Posgrado en Metalurgia/Doctorado en Ciencias en Ingeniería-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Av. Tecnológico 1500, 58120, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Omar David Frasco-García, Víctor García-García, Francisco Reyes-Calderón & Pedro Garnica-González

  2. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, UNAM Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No, Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta. C.P. 58190, 8701, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Orlando Hernández-Cristóbal

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  1. Omar David Frasco-García
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  2. Víctor García-García
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Correspondence to Víctor García-García.

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Frasco-García, O.D., García-García, V., Reyes-Calderón, F. et al. Investigation of weld defects, microstructural, and mechanical features of TWIP and austenitic stainless steel dissimilar joints by pulsed GTAW process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119, 6371–6392 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08543-9

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