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Bacillus mesophilum sp. nov., strain IITR-54T, a novel 4-chlorobiphenyl dechlorinating bacterium

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Abstract

The taxonomic position of a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from soil sample collected from an industrial site was analyzed by a polyphasic approach. The strain designated as IITR-54T matched most of the phenotypic and chemical characteristics of the genus Bacillus and represents a novel species. It was found to biodegrade 4-chlorobiphenyl through dechlorination and was isolated through enrichment procedure from an aged polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil. Both resting cell assay and growth under aerobic liquid conditions using 4-chlorobiphenyl as sole source of carbon along with 0.01 % yeast extract, formation of chloride ions was measured. 16S rRNA (1,489 bases) nucleotide sequence of isolated strain was compared with those of closely related Bacillus type strains and confirmed that the strain belongs to the genus Bacillus. Strain IITR-54T differs from all other species of Bacillus by at least 2.1 % at the 16S rRNA level, and the moderately related species are Bacillus oceanisediminis (97.9 %) followed by Bacillus infantis (97.7 %), Bacillus firmus (97.4 %), Bacillus drentensis (97.3 %), Bacillus circulans (97.2 %), Bacillus soli (97.1 %), Bacillus horneckiae (97.1 %), Bacillus pocheonensis (97.1 %) and Bacillus bataviensis (97.1 %), respectively. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (32.4 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (27.4 %). Predominant polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic distinctiveness of strain IITR-54T with its phylogenetic relatives and suggest that the strain IITR-54T should be recognized as a novel species, for which the name Bacillus mesophilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IITR-54T (= MTCC 11060T = JCM 19208T).

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Mr. Malkit Singh for his excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by CSIR (net work project NWP 006), and Government of India is duly acknowledged. This is IMTECH communication number 0132/2013.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicological Research (IITR), Lucknow, 226 001, India

    Natesan Manickam & Abhay Bajaj

  2. Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, 160 036, India

    Nitin Kumar Singh, Rajendran Mathan Kumar, Gurwinder Kaur, Navjot Kaur, Monu Bala, Anand Kumar & Shanmugam Mayilraj

Authors
  1. Natesan Manickam
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  2. Nitin Kumar Singh
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  3. Abhay Bajaj
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  4. Rajendran Mathan Kumar
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  5. Gurwinder Kaur
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  6. Navjot Kaur
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  7. Monu Bala
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  8. Anand Kumar
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  9. Shanmugam Mayilraj
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shanmugam Mayilraj.

Additional information

Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

Natesan Manickam and Nitin Kumar Singh have contributed equally to the study.

CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH) is a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India.

The GenBank accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of strain IITR-54T is JN 210567.

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Manickam, N., Singh, N.K., Bajaj, A. et al. Bacillus mesophilum sp. nov., strain IITR-54T, a novel 4-chlorobiphenyl dechlorinating bacterium. Arch Microbiol 196, 517–523 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-0988-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-0988-9

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