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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive determination of UV filters in environmental water samples

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Abstract

The performance of the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique for the determination of eight UV filters and a structurally related personal care species, benzyl salicylate (BzS), in environmental water samples is evaluated. After extraction, analytes were determined by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). Parameters potentially affecting the performance of the sample preparation method (sample pH, ionic strength, type and volume of dispersant and extractant solvents) were systematically investigated using both multi- and univariant optimization strategies. Under final working conditions, analytes were extracted from 10 mL water samples by addition of 1 mL of acetone (dispersant) containing 60 μL of chlorobenzene (extractant), without modifying either the pH or the ionic strength of the sample. Limits of quantification (LOQs) between 2 and 14 ng L−1, inter-day variability (evaluated with relative standard deviations, RSDs) from 9% to 14% and good linearity up to concentrations of 10,000 ng L−1 were obtained. Moreover, the efficiency of the extraction was scarcely affected by the type of water sample. With the only exception of 2-ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHPABA), compounds were found in environmental water samples at concentrations between 6 ± 1 ng L−1 and 26 ± 2 ng mL−1.

GC-MS chromatogram corresponding to a spiked (50 ng L-1) ultrapure water sample

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Spanish Government and EU FEDER funds (project CTQ2009-08377) is acknowledged. N.N. is grateful for an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario (IIAA), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    N. Negreira, I. Rodríguez, E. Rubí & R. Cela

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  1. N. Negreira
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  2. I. Rodríguez
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  3. E. Rubí
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  4. R. Cela
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Correspondence to I. Rodríguez.

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Negreira, N., Rodríguez, I., Rubí, E. et al. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive determination of UV filters in environmental water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 398, 995–1004 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4009-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4009-9

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