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Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned seafood combining QuEChERS extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

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Abstract

A new simple and reliable method combining an acetonitrile partitioning extractive procedure followed by dispersive solid-phase cleanup (QuEChERS) with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and further gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis was developed for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) in canned seafood samples. Besides the great enrichment factor provided, the final DLLME extractive step was designed in order to allow the simultaneous acetylation of the compounds required for their gas chromatographic analysis. Tetrachloroethylene was used as extractive solvent, while the acetonitrile extract obtained from QuEChERS was used as dispersive solvent, and anhydride acetic as derivatizing reagent. The main factors influencing QuEChERS and DLLME efficiency including nature of QuEChERS dispersive-SPE sorbents, amount of DLLME extractive and dispersive solvents and nature and amount of derivatizing reagent were evaluated. DLLME procedure provides an effective enrichment of the extract, allowing the required sensitivity even using a single quadropole MS as detector. The optimized method showed to be accurate (>68 % recovery), reproducible (<21 % relative standard deviation) and sensitive for the target analytes (method detection limits of 0.2 μg/kg for BPA and 0.4 μg/kg for BPB). The screening of several canned seafood samples commercialized in Portugal (total = 47) revealed the presence of BPA in more than 83 % of the samples with levels ranging from 1.0 to 99.9 μg/kg, while BPB was found in only one sample at a level of 21.8 μg/kg.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from the FCT project “PTDC/AGR-ALI/101583/2008” and COMPETE FSE/FEDER. S.C.C. is grateful to “POPH-QREN-Tipologia 4.2, Fundo Social Europeu e Fundo Nacional MCTES”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    S. C. Cunha, C. Cunha, A. R. Ferreira & J. O. Fernandes

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  1. S. C. Cunha
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  2. C. Cunha
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  3. A. R. Ferreira
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  4. J. O. Fernandes
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Correspondence to S. C. Cunha.

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Cunha, S.C., Cunha, C., Ferreira, A.R. et al. Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned seafood combining QuEChERS extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 404, 2453–2463 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6389-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6389-5

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