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The Association Between Hip Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, Muscle Strength, and Bone Mineral Density

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Abstract

Studies examining the association between muscle size, muscle strength, and bone mineral density (BMD) are limited. Thus, this study aimed to describe the association between hip muscles cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, and BMD of the hip and spine. A total of 321 subjects from the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort study with a right hip MRI scan conducted between 2004 and 2006 were included. Hip muscles were measured on MR images by OsiriX (Geneva) software measuring maximum muscle CSA (cm2) of gluteus maximus, obturator externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, piriformis, pectineus, sartorius, and iliopsoas. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured total hip, femoral neck, and spine BMD, and lower limb muscle strength was assessed by dynamometer. Muscle CSA of the hip flexors (pectineus, sartorius, and iliopsoas) and the hip rotators, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris were associated with both total hip and femoral neck BMD (all p < 0.05). The associations between CSA of pectineus and sartorius and BMD were stronger in women (p = 0.01–0.001) compared to men (p = 0.12–0.54). Additionally, only gemelli CSA was associated with BMD of the spine (p = 0.002). Gluteus maximus and piriformis showed no relationship with BMD. CSA of most hip muscles (except gluteus maximus and gemelli) were positively associated with leg strength (p = 0.02 to <0.001). Lastly, leg strength was weakly associated with BMD (p = 0.11–0.007). Hip muscle CSA, and to a lesser extent muscle strength, were positively associated with hip BMD. These data suggest that both higher muscle mass and strength may contribute to the maintenance of bone mass and prevention of disease progression in older adults.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks goes to the participants of the TASOAC study. We thank Catrina Boon and Pip Boon for their contribution in collecting the data for this study. Harbeer Ahedi is supported by an Australian Government Australian Postgraduate Award. Dawn Aitken is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship. Leigh Blizzard is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship. Graeme Jones is supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship. This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Tasmanian Community Fund, Masonic Centenary Medical Research Foundation, Royal Hobart Hospital Research Foundation and Arthritis Foundation of Australia.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

The study was approved by the Southern Tasmanian Health and Medical Human Research Ethics Commitee, and all participants gave informed consent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia

    Harbeer Ahedi, Dawn Aitken, Leigh Blizzard & Graeme Jones

  2. NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia

    David Scott

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia

    Flavia Cicuttini

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  1. Harbeer Ahedi
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  2. Dawn Aitken
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Correspondence to Harbeer Ahedi.

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Ahedi, H., Aitken, D., Scott, D. et al. The Association Between Hip Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, Muscle Strength, and Bone Mineral Density. Calcif Tissue Int 95, 64–72 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9863-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9863-6

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