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Is There an Interaction Between Socioeconomic Status and FRAX 10-Year Fracture Probability Determined With and Without Bone Density Measures? Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study of Female Cohort

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Abstract

FRAX© evaluates 10-year fracture probabilities and can be calculated with and without bone mineral density (BMD). Low socioeconomic status (SES) may affect BMD, and is associated with increased fracture risk. Clinical risk factors differ by SES; however, it is unknown whether aninteraction exists between SES and FRAX determined with and without the BMD. From the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, we drew 819 females aged ≥50 years. Clinical data were collected during 1993–1997. SES was determined by cross-referencing residential addresses with Australian Bureau of Statistics census data and categorized in quintiles. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the same time as other clinical data were collected. Ten-year fracture probabilities were calculated using FRAX (Australia). Using multivariable regression analyses, we examined whether interactions existed between SES and 10-year probability for hip and any major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) defined by use of FRAX with and without BMD. We observed a trend for a SES * FRAXno-BMD interaction term for 10-year hip fracture probability (p = 0.09); however, not for MOF (p = 0.42). In women without prior fracture (n = 518), we observed a significant SES * FRAXno-BMD interaction term for hip fracture (p = 0.03) and MOF (p = 0.04). SES does not appear to have an interaction with 10-year fracture probabilities determined by FRAX with and without BMD in women with previous fracture; however, it does appear to exist for those without previous fracture.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (GNT628582). SLB is the recipient of a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (GNT1012472), and SEQ is the recipient of a NHMRC Postgraduate (Dora Lush) Scholarship (GNT1076347).

Conflicts of interest

S. L. Brennan, S. E. Quirk, S. M. Hosking, M. A. Kotowicz, K. L. Holloway, D. J. Moloney, A. G. Dobbins, and J. A. Pasco declare that there are no conflicts of interest. There are no disclosures.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia

    S. L. Brennan, S. E. Quirk, S. M. Hosking, K. L. Holloway, D. J. Moloney, A. G. Dobbins & J. A. Pasco

  2. NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia

    S. L. Brennan, M. A. Kotowicz & J. A. Pasco

  3. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia

    S. L. Brennan

  4. Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia

    M. A. Kotowicz & J. A. Pasco

  5. Social Epidemiology Unit, Epi-Centre for Healthy Aging, IMPACT SRC (Barwon Health), Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia

    S. L. Brennan

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  1. S. L. Brennan
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  2. S. E. Quirk
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  3. S. M. Hosking
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  4. M. A. Kotowicz
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  5. K. L. Holloway
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  6. D. J. Moloney
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  7. A. G. Dobbins
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  8. J. A. Pasco
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Correspondence to S. L. Brennan.

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Brennan, S.L., Quirk, S.E., Hosking, S.M. et al. Is There an Interaction Between Socioeconomic Status and FRAX 10-Year Fracture Probability Determined With and Without Bone Density Measures? Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study of Female Cohort. Calcif Tissue Int 96, 138–144 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9946-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9946-4

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