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Effects of tidal emersion and marine heatwaves on cuttlefish early ontogeny

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Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as marine heatwaves (MHW). They exert a strong influence over the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, considering temperature is one of the most critical environmental factors affecting marine life. Additionally, intertidal habitats are ecologically challenging ecosystems, and inhabiting organisms need to possess the necessary mechanisms to adapt to the periodic fluctuations in physical characteristics across tidal cycles. To assess the effect of simulated MHWs (categories I and IV) and low tide conditions (emersion) on the early development of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, the development time and hatching success were evaluated, as well as the antioxidant enzymatic machinery, lipid peroxidation, HSP70 and total ubiquitin concentrations. Embryonic development time decreased significantly with temperature, but tidal emersion held no significant impact on development time or hatching success. Superoxide dismutase activity levels were significantly increased with temperature but lowered under emersion conditions. Glutathione-S-transferase activity significantly increased with temperature, while glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly enhanced under emersion. Catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, HSP70 content and total ubiquitin content were not affected by any of the treatments. These findings suggest that while development time is greatly conditioned by temperature, S. officinalis embryos are remarkably resilient to emersion conditions. Moreover, the simulated marine heatwaves did not elicit any sub-lethal oxidative stress-related effects, suggesting that such temperatures were still within the optimum range of the cuttlefish thermal window of aerobic performance.

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Funding

This study was funded by the project VALPRAD (MAR-01.04.02-FEAMP-0007) within the framework of MAR2020 program. The authors also acknowledge funding from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) under the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020 granted to MARE, project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET, project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HBm, and the researcher contract (DL57/2016/CP1479/CT0023) granted to TR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da GuiaFaculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal

    João Coelho, Mélanie Court, Eve Otjacques, Vanessa M. Lopes, José Ricardo Paula, Tiago Repolho & Rui Rosa

  2. UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    João Coelho & Mário Diniz

  3. Carnegie Institution for Science, Church Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Eve Otjacques

  4. Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Mário Diniz

  5. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    José Ricardo Paula, Tiago Repolho & Rui Rosa

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Contributions

RR, VML and JRP conceptualized the study. JC, VML, EO, MC and JRP collected and analyzed the data. RR and MD provided supervision. All authors contributed to and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Rui Rosa.

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All the procedures were approved by the FCUL Animal Welfare Committee (ORBEA FCUL) and the Portuguese General-Directorate for Food and Veterinarian Contacts (DGAV) of the Portuguese Government, according to National (Decreto-Lei 113/2013) and the EU legislation (Directive 2010/63/EU) on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (within the framework of MAR2020— MAR-01.04.02-FEAMP-0007).

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Coelho, J., Court, M., Otjacques, E. et al. Effects of tidal emersion and marine heatwaves on cuttlefish early ontogeny. Mar Biol 170, 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04150-8

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