Abstract
Deoxyribozymes (DNA enzymes) have been developed for a growing variety of chemical reactions, including with peptide substrates. We recently described the first tyrosine kinase deoxyribozymes, which lacked the ability to discriminate among peptide substrates on the basis of the amino acids surrounding the tyrosine residue. Those deoxyribozymes were identified by in vitro selection using a DNA-anchored peptide substrate in which the residues neighboring tyrosine were all alanine. Here, we performed in vitro selection for tyrosine kinase activity using three peptide substrates in which the neighboring residues included a variety of side chains. For one of these three peptides, we found numerous deoxyribozymes that discriminate strongly in favor of phosphorylating tyrosine when the surrounding residues are specifically those used in the selection process. Three different short peptide sequence motifs of 2–4 amino acids were required for catalysis by three unique deoxyribozymes. For a second peptide substrate, the selection process led to one deoxyribozyme which exhibits partial discrimination among peptide sequences. These findings establish the feasibility of identifying DNA enzymes that catalyze sequence-selective tyrosine phosphorylation, which suggests the downstream practical utility of such deoxyribozymes. More broadly, this outcome reinforces the conclusion that nucleic acid catalysts can discriminate among peptide substrates in the context of biochemically relevant reactions.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Grant to S.K.S. from the National Institutes of Health (R01GM065966). S.M.W. was partially supported by an NIH predoctoral fellowship (F31GM115147). Mass spectrometry was performed by Kevin Tucker at the UIUC School of Chemical Sciences Mass Spectrometry Laboratory on an instrument purchased with support from NIH Grant S10RR027109A.
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Walsh, S.M., Konecki, S.N. & Silverman, S.K. Identification of Sequence-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Deoxyribozymes. J Mol Evol 81, 218–224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9699-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9699-3