Abstract
A field-based microcosm experiment was performed to investigate the effects of repeated pulses of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on a lentic benthos assemblage. This specific microcosm method was chosen because it allows for both testing of a wide range of organisms under natural conditions and as well as gaining insight into intraspecific and interspecific interactions. The macrozoobenthos that colonised the microcosms was exposed to three pulses each 1 week apart at nominal concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 40 μg/L. Imidacloprid underwent fast aqueous photolysis due to optimal sunlight conditions during the test phase (half-life = 28 ± 8 h [monitored for 21 days]). Nonetheless, decreased abundance and emergence of Ephemeroptera and decreased survival of chironomid species of the subfamilies Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae were observed at time-weighted average concentrations of 2.3 μg/L. In contrast, the gastropod Radix sp. became dominant at high imidacloprid concentrations, probably due to decreased competition for food with sensitive species. The results of this study show that repeated short-term contamination of imidacloprid at low concentration levels may affect aquatic ecosystems even under optimal conditions for photodegradation. The microcosm approach, with its simple and field-relevant design, proved to be a useful tool for assessing the effects of imidacloprid contamination.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the entire team of the UBA unit IV 2.5 especially to S. Loth and S. Meinecke and the analytical section for their kind support. A. Günther, J. Schott, and K. Grohmann are acknowledged for assistance during field work and sampling. We also thank C. Knowles and two anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments.
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Colombo, V., Mohr, S., Berghahn, R. et al. Structural Changes in a Macrozoobenthos Assemblage After Imidacloprid Pulses in Aquatic Field-Based Microcosms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65, 683–692 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9940-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9940-2