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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Dimethyl p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Octocrylene Using Marine Organisms Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus

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Abstract

The growing concern regarding the negative effects of solar radiation on the skin has led to a drastic increase in the use of sunscreens containing in its composition up to 10% of aromatic chemicals, such as ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (OD-PABA) and octocrylene (OC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and to assess the environmental risk posed by these two ultraviolet filters, widely used in cosmetics and as plastic additives, in the marine environment. Several ecotoxicological bioassays were performed with three model organisms belonging to different trophic levels: the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The results show remarkable toxicity to marine species for both OD-PABA (EC10 values range 26,5–127 µg L−1) and OC (EC10 range 103–511 µg L−1). The cell division in the microalgae I. galbana was the most sensitive endpoint tested. To determine the environmental risk of these substances, the risk coefficient (RQ) was calculated. Due to the higher concentrations reported, OC showed remarkable risk (RQ = 0.27), whereas for OD-PABA the risk was low (RQ = 0.007).

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects Nos. CTM2013-48194-C3, CTM2014-56628-C3-2-R and PCIN-2015-187-C03-03), the Galician Council of Culture, Education and Universities (GRC2013-020) and FEDER/ERDF. The authors thank Tania Tato, Pilar Feijoo, and the staff of ECIMAT for their helpful technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Toralla Marine Station (ECIMAT), University of Vigo, 36331, Vigo, Galicia, Spain

    A. Giraldo, L. Vidal-Liñán & R. Beiras

  2. Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas - Marcosende, 36200, Vigo, Galicia, Spain

    A. Giraldo, L. Vidal-Liñán & R. Beiras

  3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain

    R. Montes, R. Rodil & J. B. Quintana

Authors
  1. A. Giraldo
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  2. R. Montes
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  3. R. Rodil
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  4. J. B. Quintana
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  5. L. Vidal-Liñán
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  6. R. Beiras
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Correspondence to A. Giraldo.

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Giraldo, A., Montes, R., Rodil, R. et al. Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Dimethyl p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Octocrylene Using Marine Organisms Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 72, 606–611 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0399-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0399-4

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