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Microbial Diversity of Hypersaline Sediments from Lake Lucero Playa in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, USA

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Lake Lucero is a gypsum-rich, hypersaline, ephemeral playa located on the southern part of the Alkali Flat at the White Sands National Monument (WSNM), New Mexico, USA. This modern playa setting provides a dynamic extreme environment that changes from a freshwater lake to a hypersaline dry desert during the year. We investigated the microbial diversity (bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes) of the Lake Lucero sediments using 16S- and 18S-based amplicon sequencing approach and explored the diversity patterns in different geochemical microenvironments. Our results indicated that similar microbial communities, in particular bacterial communities colonized, were remarkably consistent across our depth profiles. Therefore, these communities show a first-order relevance on the environmental conditions (moisture content, oxygen content, and mineral composition). We found that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes were the major bacterial phyla, while Cyanobacteria were present in relatively low abundances and appeared only at the surface. Genus level assessment reflected that Truepera, Delftia, and Pseudomonas were the predominant bacterial genera across all samples. Euryarchaeota was the major archaeal phylum in all the samples, while Candidatus Halobonum and Candidatus Nitrososphaera were the main genera. Diatoms were the dominant eukaryotic group in surface samples and Fungi, Ciliophora, Metazoa, and Nematodes were the other major groups. As expected, metabolic inference indicated that aerobic microbial communities were near surface colonizers, with anaerobic communities dominating with increasing depth. We demonstrated that these microbial communities could be used to characterize unique geochemical microenvironments enabling us to extrapolate these results into other terrestrial and possibly extraterrestrial environments with comparable geochemical characteristics.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Kimberly Wirtz and David Bustos (NPS White Sands) and Verena Starke (Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington) for their invaluable help during the field season.

Funding

This work was supported by NASA-ASTEP NNX14AT28G grant to M.G.

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  1. Kosala Ayantha Sirisena

    Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA

    Kosala Ayantha Sirisena, Steven Ramirez & Mihaela Glamoclija

  2. Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA

    Kosala Ayantha Sirisena & Andrew Steele

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Sirisena, K.A., Ramirez, S., Steele, A. et al. Microbial Diversity of Hypersaline Sediments from Lake Lucero Playa in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, USA. Microb Ecol 76, 404–418 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1142-z

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