Abstract
Agrocybe aegerita peroxidase (AaP) is a versatile heme-thiolate protein that can act as a peroxygenase and catalyzes, among other reactions, the hydroxylation of aromatic rings. This paper reports a rapid and selective spectrophotometric method for directly detecting aromatic hydroxylation by AaP. The weakly activated aromatic compound naphthalene served as the substrate that was regioselectively converted into 1-naphthol in the presence of the co-substrate hydrogen peroxide. Formation of 1-naphthol was followed at 303 nm (ɛ 303 = 2,010 M−1 cm−1), and the apparent Michaelis–Menten (K m) and catalytic (k cat) constants for the reaction were estimated to be 320 μM and 166 s−1, respectively. This method will be useful in screening of fungi and other microorganisms for extracellular peroxygenase activities and in comparing and assessing different catalytic activities of haloperoxidase–peroxygenases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brandt P, Jia ZS, Thibblin A (2002) Kinetic and thermodynamic stability of naphthalene oxide and related compounds. A comparative microcalorimetric and computational (DFT) study. J Org Chem 67:7676–7682
Cerniglia CE, Gibson DT (1977) Metabolism of naphthalene by Cunninghamella elegans. Appl Environ Microbiol 34:363–370
Cerniglia CE, Freeman JP, Evans FE (1984) Evidence for an arene oxide-NIH shift pathway in the transformation of naphthalene to 1-naphthol by Bacillus cereus. Arch Microbiol 138:283–286
Harford-Cross CF, Carmichael AB, Allan FK, England PA, Rouch DA, Wong LL (2000) Protein engineering of cytochrome p450(cam) (CYP101) for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Protein Eng 13:121–128
Hofrichter M, Ullrich R (2006) Heme-thiolate haloperoxidases: versatile biocatalysts with biotechnological and environmental significance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 71:276–288
Jerina DM, Daly JW, Witkop B, Zaltzman-Nirenberg P, Udenfriend S (1970) 1,2-naphthalene oxide as an intermediate in the microsomal hydroxylation of naphthalene. Biochemistry 9:147–156
Joo H, Lin Z, Arnold FH (1999) Laboratory evolution of peroxide-mediated cytochrome P450 hydroxylation. Nature 399:670–673
Libby DL, Thomas JA, Kaiser LW, Hager LP (1982) Chloroperoxidase halogenation reactions. J Biol Chem 257:5030–5037
Manoj KM, Hager LP (2001) Utilization of peroxide and its relevance in oxygen insertion reactions catalyzed by chloroperoxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1547:408–417
Manoj KM, Yi X, Rai GP, Hager LP (1999) A kinetic epoxidation assay for chloroperoxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 266:301–303
Manoj KM, Lakner FJ, Hager LP (2000) Epoxidation of indene by chloroperoxidase. J Mol Catal B Enzym 9:107–111
Matsunaga I, Sumimoto T, Ayata M, Ogura H (2002) Functional modulation of a peroxygenase cytochrome P450: novel insight into the mechanisms of peroxygenase and peroxidase enzymes. FEBS Lett 528:90–94
Thomas JA, Morris DR, Hager LP (1970) Classical peroxidatic, catalatic, and halogenating forms of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 245:3129–3134
Ullrich R, Hofrichter M (2005) The haloperoxidase of the agaric fungus Agrocybe aegerita hydroxylates toluene and naphthalene. FEBS Lett 579:6247–6250
Ullrich R, Hofrichter M (2007) Enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:271–293
Ullrich R, Nüske J, Scheibner K, Spantzel J, Hofrichter M (2004) Novel haloperoxidase from the agaric basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita oxidizes aryl alcohols and aldehydes. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:4575–4581
Vogel E, Klärner F (1968) 1,2-Naphthalene oxide. Angew Chem Internat Edit 7:374–375
Acknowledgements
Financial support by the European Union (integrated project Biorenew), the “Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung” (BMBF; project 0313433D) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD; projects A/04/20213 and D/05/11714) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank C. Liers, M. Kinne (Konrad), M. Brandt, and U. Schneider for technical and scientific assistance and K. Steffen (University of Helsinki) for providing fungal strains.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kluge, M.G., Ullrich, R., Scheibner, K. et al. Spectrophotometric assay for detection of aromatic hydroxylation catalyzed by fungal haloperoxidase–peroxygenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75, 1473–1478 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-0942-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-0942-8