Abstract
Sheath rot disease of rice caused by Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) (=Acrocylindrium oryzae, Sawada) has become an important production constraint in all rice-growing countries. Pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolites, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the level of genetic variability of S. oryzae derived from rice cultivars, CR1018, IR36, and IR50, of different locations in North East and South India. Variability in pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolite production, and DNA polymorphisms was detected among S. oryzae isolates. Results indicated that S. oryzae isolates produced both cerulenin and helvolic acid at concentrations 0.3–0.62 and 0.9–4.8 μg mL−1 of culture filtrate, respectively. Isolates that produce higher concentration of helvolic acid induced a high percent incidence of sheath rot disease. Oligonucleotide primers, GF and MR, generated either a simple (up to 2 bands) or complex (up to 6 bands) RAPD pattern. According to their level of similarity, S. oryzae isolates from North East and South India were grouped separately into two major clusters and 13 genotypes. Molecular- and pathogenicity-based classifications were not correlated, but a high level of genetic variability within S. oryzae isolates was identified. The molecular variability of S. oryzae isolates will be an important consideration in breeding programs to develop durable resistance for sheath rot disease.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
FM Alves-Santos EP Benito AP Eslava JM Diaz-Minguez (1999) ArticleTitleGenetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum strains from common bean fields in Spain Appl Environ Microbiol 65 3335–3340 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltVOlsrc%3D Occurrence Handle10427016
KS Amin BD Sharma CR Das (1974) ArticleTitleOccurrence of sheath rot of rice in India caused by Acrocylindrium Plant Dis Rep 58 358–360
RS Balardin AM Jarosz JD Kelly (1997) ArticleTitleVirulence and molecular diversity in Collectotrichum lindemuthianum from South, Central and North America Phytopathology 87 1184–1191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXotVSgur8%3D
OA Berestetskii VF Patyka SP Nadkernichnyi (1974) ArticleTitlePhytotoxic properties of Aspergillus fumigatus Mikrobiol Zhurnal 36 581–586 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXjvFaksA%3D%3D
PD Bridge DA Pearce A Rivera MA Rutherford (1997) ArticleTitleVNTR derived oligonucleotides as PCR primers for population studies in filamentous fungi Lett Appl Microbiol 24 426–430 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvFejur0%3D
DK Chakravarthy S Biswas (1978) ArticleTitleEstimation of yield loss in rice affected by sheath rot Trans Br Mycol Soc 62 226–227
X Chen RF Line H Leung (1993) ArticleTitleRelations between virulence variation and DNA polymorphism in Puccinia striiformis Phytopathology 83 1489–1497 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtF2itLY%3D
CC Chien CH Huang (1979) ArticleTitleThe reaction between sheath rot and the sterility of rice plant J Agr Res China 29 7–16
JC Correll DD Rhoads JC Guerber (1993) ArticleTitleExamination of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms, DNA fingerprints, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA of Collectotrichum orbiculare Phytopathology 83 1199–1204 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFWjs7s%3D
JJ Doyle JL Doyle (1990) ArticleTitleIsolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue Focus 12 13–15
W Gams DL Hawksworth (1975) ArticleTitleThe identity of Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada and a similar fungus causing sheath rot of rice Kavaka 3 57–61
MK Ghosh R Amudha S Jayachandran N Sakthivel (2002) ArticleTitleDetection and quantification of phytotoxic metabolites of Sarocladium oryzae in sheath rot-infected grains of rice Lett Appl Microbiol 34 398–401 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVyqtr0%3D Occurrence Handle12028418
SS Gnanamanickam TW Mew (1991) ArticleTitleInteractions between Sarocladium oryzae and stem attacking fungal pathogens of rice Plant Soil 138 213–219
MJ Manzanares-Dauleux I Divaret F Baron G Thomas (2001) ArticleTitleAssessment of biological and molecular variability between and within field isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae Plant Pathol 50 165–173 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjs1eitLo%3D
F Namiki T Shiomi T Kaymura T Tsuge (1994) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum causing wilts of cucurbits by DNA fingerprinting with unclear repetitive DNA sequence Appl Environ Microbiol 60 2684–2691 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXltVeqtbY%3D Occurrence Handle8085813
H Ohno T Ohno J Awaya S Omura (1975) ArticleTitleInhibition of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin J Biochem 78 1149–1152 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XmvFOmsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle1225916
InstitutionalAuthorNameOmura (1976) ArticleTitleThe antibiotic cerulenin, a novel tool for biochemistry as an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis Bacteriol Rev 40 681–697
N Sakthivel SS Gnanamanickam (1987) ArticleTitleEvaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens for suppression of sheath rot disease and for enhancement of grain yields in rice (Oryza sativa L) Appl Environ Microbiol 53 2056–2059
N Sakthivel (2001) Sheath rot disease of rice: Current status and control strategies S Sreenivasaprasad R Johnson (Eds) Major fungal diseases of rice recent advances Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston 271–283
N Sakthivel R Amudha S Muthukrishnan (2002) ArticleTitleProduction of phytotoxic metabolites by Sarocladium oryzae Mycol Res 105 609–614
N Singh (1982) ArticleTitleCarbon and nitrogen nutrition of Acrocylindrium oryzae and production of pectic and cellulolytic enzymes Trans Br Mycol Soc 78 355–357 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXjtFajuw%3D%3D
Acknowledgments
We thank Bruce Raymundo, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Kansas, and Susan Porter, Peterson’s Clinical Laboratory, Manhattan, Kansas, for supplying microbial cultures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ayyadurai, N., Kirubakaran, S.I., Srisha, S. et al. Biological and Molecular Variability of Sarocladium oryzae, the Sheath Rot Pathogen of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Curr Microbiol 50, 319–323 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-005-4509-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-005-4509-6