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Penicillin derivatives induce chemical structure-dependent root development, and application for plant transformation

  • Genetic Transformation and Hybridization
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Abstract

We investigated five penicillin derivatives that are popularly used for transformation experiments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes—penicillin G, carbenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephalexin—for their effects on the growth and morphology of Beta vulgaris, Capsicum annuum and Glehnia littoralis roots. Attention was given to the relationship between their chemical structures and functions. Ampicillin was found to stimulate root elongation but inhibit root branching, whereas carbenicillin inhibited root elongation but promoted root branching. Root cultures were also exposed to hydrolyzed products of these antibiotics—i.e. phenylmalonic acid (PM), phenylglycine and 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA): PM inhibited root elongation the most, while root elongation was supported best by 6-APA. These results indicate that both the side chains and the major component of penicillin derivatives affect root development and that the nature of the side chains is responsible for the responses. Ampicillin but not carbenicillin was used in subsequent experiments described herein to eliminate bacteria and to support root growth of transformants of the recalcitrant plants.

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Abbreviations

Amox::

Amoxicillin

Amp::

Ampicillin

6-APA::

6-Aminopenicillanic acid

Carb::

Carbenicillin

Ceph::

Cephalexin

HG::

d(−)-2-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine

PA::

Phenylacetic acid

PenG::

Penicillin G

PG::

d(−)-α-Phenylglycine

PM::

Phenylmalonic acid

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Acknowledgements

LR was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (00795). This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-aid (B2, no. 13460114) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Author notes

  1. L. ur Rahman

    Present address: Phytocellular Technology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR, P.O. CIMAP, 226 015, Lucknow, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan

    L. ur Rahman & Y. Kitamura

  2. Faculty of Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan

    T. Ikenaga

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  1. L. ur Rahman
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  2. T. Ikenaga
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  3. Y. Kitamura
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Correspondence to Y. Kitamura.

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Communicated by L.C. Fowke

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ur Rahman, L., Ikenaga, T. & Kitamura, Y. Penicillin derivatives induce chemical structure-dependent root development, and application for plant transformation. Plant Cell Rep 22, 668–677 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0731-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0731-5

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