Abstract
Uncontrolled biological invasions have direct and indirect impacts on the structure and functioning of soil invertebrate communities in Antarctica. Among others, invasion success is strongly determined by the ability of species to tolerate broad thermal ranges. Yet, few studies have compared the thermal niches of native and invasive species. Physiological characterizations of upper and lower thermal tolerances are essential to test the extent to which eurythermality can benefit invasive species in a context of changing climates. Here, we compare cold and heat tolerance between adults of the alien winter crane fly Trichocera maculipennis and the native winged midge Parochlus steinenii in Antarctica. Specimens were collected in the field during the 2019/2020 austral summer, and ramping experiments controlling heating and cooling rates were performed to estimate upper and lower critical thermal limits of the two Diptera insect species. Adults of the alien fly remained active between − 5.3 °C and 30.1 °C. In turn, the native midge was active between − 5.0 °C and 28.6 °C. We observed no significant interspecific differences between lower critical thermal limits, but upper thermal limits were significantly higher for the alien species. Hence, the capacity to endure low summer temperatures in most of the Antarctic Peninsula is similar for adults of both species, but the alien crane fly is readily adapted to withstand warming scenarios. Therefore, the broad thermal tolerances exhibited by the alien crane fly can be taken as evidence to predict geographic range expansions, while also warn of high biosecurity risks for all operating research stations in Antarctica.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by ANTECO research Grant (CGL2017-89820-P to M.A.O.T.) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Field collections were authorized by the Spanish Polar Committee. Jesamine Bartlett, Scott Hayward, Pete Convey, and Steven Chown provided helpful advice regarding lab experimentation. We thank Ana Laura Machado and Alvaro Soutullo for their collaboration and support in the field expedition as well as the Uruguayan station crew 2020 for their hospitality and to the Spanish Antarctic Program for their logistic support. Thanks to Gonzalo Arraigada for the graphic material on P. steinenii. Dr. Shin G. Goto and one anonymous reviewer provided a very much valuable and constructive feedback.
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MAOT conceived this study and designed it together with LRP. All authors took part in the field work. Experimental work was conducted by LRP and PEA. LRP wrote the manuscript draft and all authors revised it critically.
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Supplementary file1 Individual responses (temperature with cease of activity) of the specimens monitored in each experiment (CTmin and CTmax). (DOCX 19 kb)
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Pertierra, L.R., Escribano-Álvarez, P. & Olalla-Tárraga, M.Á. Cold tolerance is similar but heat tolerance is higher in the alien insect Trichocera maculipennis than in the native Parochlus steinenii in Antarctica. Polar Biol 44, 1203–1208 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02865-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02865-w