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Physiological diversity among sympatric, conspecific endosymbionts of coral (Cladocopium C1acro) from the Great Barrier Reef

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Abstract

Most of the scleractinian corals living in the photic zone form an obligate symbiosis with dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae that promotes reef accretion and niche diversification. However, sea surface temperature surpassing the normal summer average disrupts the symbioses, resulting in coral bleaching and mortality. Under climate warming, temperature anomalies and associated coral bleaching events will increase in frequency and severity. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand the variability in key phenotypic traits of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae association under such high temperature stress. Here, we describe the extent of genetically fixed differences in the in vitro acclimatory response of four conspecific strains of the common coral endosymbiont, Cladocopium C1acro. (formerly Symbiodinium type C1); these strains were isolated from Acropora corals from inshore sites on the Great Barrier Reef. We characterised algal growth and thylakoid membrane stability under different thermal scenarios and demonstrate previously undocumented physiological diversity among strains of a single Symbiodiniaceae species. Our results have important implications in terms of the perceived accuracy by which environmental stress tolerance of the coral holobiont can be predicted, potentially explaining patchiness in a coral community during bleaching based on the dominant Symbiodiniaceae genotype harboured by the host.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants to the Symbiont Culture Facility (SCF) at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). We thank AIMS personnel for the assistance during collection of specimens and in general for providing access/training using diverse infrastructure/equipment during this research. We are also very grateful to the LaJeunesse Lab at Pennsylvania State University for sharing important information related to this communication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, PBM No. 3, Townsville Mc, QLD, 4810, Australia

    V. H. Beltrán, E. Puill-Stephan, E. Howells & M. J. H. van Oppen

  2. Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    A. Flores-Moya

  3. Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia

    M. Doblin

  4. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    M. J. H. van Oppen

  5. Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia

    E. Howells

  6. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle Laguna de Términos S/N, Renovación 2da Sección, 24155, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México

    V. H. Beltrán, E. Núñez-Lara & T. López

  7. Instituto Patagónico Para El Estudio de Los Ecosistemas Continentales, Centro Nacional Patagónico, P.O. Box 9120, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina

    V. Escamilla

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  1. V. H. Beltrán
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Beltrán, V.H., Puill-Stephan, E., Howells, E. et al. Physiological diversity among sympatric, conspecific endosymbionts of coral (Cladocopium C1acro) from the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 40, 985–997 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02092-z

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