Abstract
The effects of Gd addition on the thermal and microstructural behaviors of as-cast samples of the Cu–9 %Al and Cu–9 %Al–10 %Mn alloys were investigated using different experimental techniques. The results showed that the addition of Gd does not significantly interfere in the melting and solidification temperatures of the Cu–9 %Al alloy, but it decreases the stability of β′ martensitic phase during re-heating of sample, while the presence of Mn slows the β(A2) phase decomposition during cooling and widens its stability field. The Cu–9 %Al–10 %Mn–3 %Gd alloy has characteristics close to those observed for the Cu–9 %Al–10 %Mn alloy, but the presence of Mn increases the solubility of Gd and induces the formation of Gd-rich precipitates with average size of 200 nm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.Y. Hung, C.W.H. Lam, S.S. Tan, Effect of parent phase ageing on CuZnAl shape memory alloys with Mn and Zr addition. Mater. Lett. 33, 2291–2296 (1998)
N. Zarubova, V. Novak, Phase stability of CuAlMn shape memory alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 378, 216–221 (2004)
M. Izadinia, K. Dehghani, Structure and properties of nanostructured Cu-13.2 Al-5.1 Ni shape memory alloy produced by melt spinning. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 21, 2037–2043 (2011)
H.H. Kuo, W.H. Wang, Y.F. Hsu, Microstructural Characterization of precipitates in Cu-10 wt%Al-0.8 wt%Be shape memory alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 430, 292–300 (2006)
M. Zhu, X. Ye, C. Li, G. Song, Q. Zhai, Preparation of single crystal CuAlNiBe SMA and its performance. J. Alloys Compd. 478, 404–410 (2009)
R. Kainuma, N. Satoh, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Phase equilibria and Heusler phase stability in Cu-rich portion of the Cu–Al–Mn system. J. Alloys Compd. 266, 191–200 (1998)
R.A.G. Silva, A. Paganotti, S. Gama, A.T. Adorno, T.M. Carvalho, C.M.A. Santos, Investigation of thermal, mechanical and magnetic behaviors of the Cu-11%Al alloy with Ag and Mn additions. Mater. Charact. 75, 194–199 (2013)
T. Sutou, R. Omori, K. Kainuma, Ishida, Ductile Cu–Al–Mn based shape memory alloy: general properties and applications. Mater. Sci. Technol. 24(8), 896–901 (1008)
C.A. Canbay, Z. Karagoz, Effects of annealing temperature on thermomechanical properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys. Int J Thermophys 34(7), 1325–1335 (2013)
S. Stanciu, L.G. Bujoreanu, Formation of β 1 stress-induced martensite in the presence of γ-phase, in a Cu–Al–Ni–Mn–Fe shape memory alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 481–482, 494–499 (2008)
S. Miyazaki, K. Otsuka, Development of shape memory alloys. Iron steel Inst. Jpn. Int. 29, 353–377 (1989)
C.A. Canbay, S. Ozgen, Z.K. Genc, Thermal and microstructural investigation of Cu–Al–Mn–Mg shape memory alloys. Appl. Phys. A 117(2), 767–771 (2014)
C.A. Canbay, Z.K. Genc, M. Sekerci, Thermal and structural characterization of Cu–Al–Mn-X (Ti, Ni) shape memory alloys. Appl. Phys. A 115(2), 371–377 (2014)
L.B. McCusker et al., Rietveld refinement guidelines. J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 36–50 (1999)
A.A. Coelho, J. Evans, I. Evans, A. Kern, S. Parsons, The TOPAS symbolic computation system. Powder Diffr. 26(S1), S22–S25 (2011)
J.L. Murray, The aluminium–copper system. Int. Metall. Rev. 30, 211–233 (1985)
A.T. Adorno, M.R. Guerreiro, A.V. Benedetti, Thermal behavior of CuAl alloys near the α-CuAl solubility limit. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 65, 221–229 (2001)
E. Clementi, D.L. RaimondiI, Atomic screening constants from SCF functions. J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2686 (1963)
Y. Sutou et al., Effects of ageing on bainitic and thermally induced martensitic transformations in ductile Cu–Al–Mn-based shape memory alloys. Acta Mater. 57, 5748–5758 (2009)
E. Obrado et al., Order-disorder transitions of Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloys. Phys. Rev. B 58(21), 14245–14255 (1998)
Lide (ed.), Chemical Rubber Company Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1996)
Acknowledgments
The authors thank FAPESP (2015/18996-0) and CNPq for the financial support, and LNNano for technical support during electron microscopy work (FEI Inspect F50 – High Resolution SEM).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brazolin, G.F., Canbay, C.A., Ozgen, S. et al. Effects of Gd addition on the thermal and microstructural behaviors of the as-cast Cu–9 %Al and Cu–9 %Al–10 %Mn alloys. Appl. Phys. A 122, 928 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0474-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0474-0