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The effect of the magnetically dead layer on the magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy of the dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles

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Abstract

We present a study on the magnetic behavior of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles (DM NPs) with sizes between 3 and 19 nm, synthesized by hydrothermal-assisted co-precipitation method. The decrease of saturation magnetization (\(\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{s}}\)) with decreasing particle size has been modeled by assuming the existence of a spin-disordered layer at the particle surface, which is magnetically dead. Based on this core–shell model and taking into account the weight contribution of non-magnetic coating layer (dextran) to the whole magnetization, the dead layer thickness (t) and saturation magnetization \(\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{s}}\) of the magnetic cores in our samples were estimated to be \(\mathrm{t}=\) 6.8 Å and \(\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{s}}=\) 98.8 \(\mathrm{emu}/\mathrm{g}\), respectively. The data of \(\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{s}}\) were analyzed using a law of approach to saturation, indicating an increase in effective magnetic anisotropy (\(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{eff}}\)) with decreasing the particle size as expected from the increased surface/volume ratio in small MNPs. The obtained \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{eff}}\) values were successfully modeled by including an extra contribution of dipolar interactions due to the formation of chain-like clusters of MNPs. The surface magnetic anisotropy (\(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{s}}\)) was estimated to be about \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{s}}=\) 1.04 \(\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{ J}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\). Our method provides a simple and accurate way to obtain the \(\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{s}}\) core values in surface-disordered MNPs, a relevant parameter required for magnetic modeling in many applications.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by Arak University Research Council (AURC) and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF). The authors acknowledge AURC and INSF for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, 38156-88349, Iran

    Zhila Shaterabadi & Gholamreza Nabiyouni

  2. Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    Zhila Shaterabadi & Gholamreza Nabiyouni

  3. Condensed Matter Physics Department, and Instituto de Nanociencias y Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Gerardo F Goya

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, 38156-88349, Iran

    Meysam Soleymani

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  1. Zhila Shaterabadi
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Shaterabadi, Z., Nabiyouni, G., Goya, G.F. et al. The effect of the magnetically dead layer on the magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy of the dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 128, 631 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05675-x

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