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Review of Australian east coast low pressure systems and associated extremes

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Abstract

Intense cyclones often result in severe impacts on mid-latitude coastal regions of southeastern Australia, including those due to associated natural hazards such as extreme winds, ocean waves, storm surges, precipitation, flooding, erosion, lightning and tornadoes in some cases. These low-pressure systems, known as east coast lows (ECLs), have been examined in a wide range of different studies, with considerable variations between such studies in what they consider to be an ECL, and their findings on the characteristics of these storm systems. Here we present reviews of literature and other information such as operational forecasting approaches, which are then used to produce a comprehensive synthesis of knowledge on ECLs and associated weather and ocean extremes. This includes aspects such as their definition, formation, meteorology, climatology and drivers of variability from short-term weather time scales up to long-term historical climate trends and future projections. Australian ECLs are also considered here in relation to similar phenomena from other regions of the world. A definition based on this synthesis of knowledge is as follows: ECLs are cyclones near southeastern Australia that can be caused by both mid-latitude and tropical influences over a range of levels in the atmosphere; Intense ECLs have at least one major hazard associated with their occurrence, including extreme winds, waves, rain or flooding. Knowledge gaps are examined and used to provide recommendations for future research priorities. This study is intended to lead to improved guidance and preparedness in relation to the impacts of these storms.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was produced with funding from the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub of Australia’s National Environmental Science Program (NESP). Alejandro Di Luca is supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Researcher Grant (DE170101191).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia

    Andrew J. Dowdy & Acacia Pepler

  2. Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Alejandro Di Luca & Jason P. Evans

  3. School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

    Leone Cavicchia & Kevin Walsh

  4. Monash University School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment, Clayton, Australia

    Graham Mills

  5. National Operations - NSW, Bureau of Meteorology, Sydney, Australia

    Simon Louis

  6. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Australia

    Kathleen L. McInnes

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  1. Andrew J. Dowdy
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Dowdy, A.J., Pepler, A., Di Luca, A. et al. Review of Australian east coast low pressure systems and associated extremes. Clim Dyn 53, 4887–4910 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04836-8

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