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Association study of dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and colorectal cancer risk in the Spanish Multicase–Control Cancer (MCC-Spain) study

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Abstract

Purpose

Studies attempting to link dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (NEAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have reported mixed results. We examined this association in the Spanish Multicase–Control Study considering the likely influence of coffee and other dietary factors.

Methods

1718 CRC cases and 3312 matched-controls provided information about diet through a validated 140-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary NEAC was estimated for three methods [total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and TEAC-ABTS] using published values of NEAC content in food, with and without coffee’s NEAC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for lifestyle and dietary factors.

Results

Overall dietary intake of NEAC was significantly lower in cases compared to controls and associated with a significantly reduced CRC risk, in both men (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.96 for FRAP) and women (ORQ5vsQ1 = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–085 for FRAP), in multivariate models with and without the antioxidant contribution from coffee. The effect was similar for all the NEAC methods evaluated and for both colon and rectum. The association between dietary NEAC and CRC risk became non-significant when adjusting for fiber intake. However, intakes of NEAC and fiber were correlated.

Conclusion

This study indicates that intake of an antioxidant-rich plant-based diet, both with and without NEAC from coffee, is associated with decreased CRC risk.

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Funding

This work was supported by the ‘Acción Transversal del Cancer’, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-founded by FEDER funds—‘a way to build Europe’ (Grants PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773, PI09/01286, PI09/01903, PI09/02078, PI09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219, PI14/00613, PI15/00069, and PI12/00002). Support was also provided by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (Grant API 10/09); the Junta de Castilla y León (Grant LE22A10-2); the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143); the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (Grant AP 061/10); the Recercaixa (Grant 2010ACUP 00310); the Regional Government of the Basque Country; the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia; European Commission Grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation; the Catalan Government DURSI (Grant 2014SGR647); the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias; the University of Oviedo; Societat Catalana de Digestologia; and COST action BM1206 Eucolongene.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Department, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain

    Pilar Amiano, Amaia Molinuevo & Mikel Azpiri

  2. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

    Pilar Amiano, Amaia Molinuevo, José-María Huerta, Vicente Martín, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Victor Moreno, Jesús Castilla, Inés Gómez-Acebo, José J. Jiménez-Moleón, Guillermo Fernández-Tardón, M. Dolores Chirlaque, Tania Fernández-Villa, Nuria Aragonés, Mireia Obón-Santacana, Marcela Guevara, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Antonio J. Molina de la Torre, Marina Pollán, Manolis Kogevinas & María José Sánchez

  3. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Esther Molina-Montes

  4. CIBER Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain

    Esther Molina-Montes

  5. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain

    José-María Huerta & M. Dolores Chirlaque

  6. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain

    Dora Romaguera, Esther Gracia, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals & Manolis Kogevinas

  7. Medical Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain

    Dora Romaguera

  8. Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain

    Vicente Martín, Tania Fernández-Villa & Antonio J. Molina de la Torre

  9. IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain

    Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Xavier Bessa & Manolis Kogevinas

  10. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain

    Gemma Castaño-Vinyals & Manolis Kogevinas

  11. Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Nuria Aragonés & Marina Pollán

  12. Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    Victor Moreno & Mireia Obón-Santacana

  13. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Victor Moreno & Mireia Obón-Santacana

  14. Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain

    Jesús Castilla & Marcela Guevara

  15. Universidad de Cantabria – IDIVAL, Santander, Spain

    Inés Gómez-Acebo & Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos

  16. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

    José J. Jiménez-Moleón & Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez

  17. Universitary Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

    Guillermo Fernández-Tardón

  18. Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain

    Rocío Capelo

  19. Dirección General de Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain

    Lola Salas

  20. Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

    Xavier Bessa

  21. Gastroenterology, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, 08840, Barcelona, Spain

    Ana-Belén Vega

  22. Andalusian School of Public Health and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Servicio Andaluz de Salud/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

    María José Sánchez

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  1. Pilar Amiano
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  2. Esther Molina-Montes
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  26. Antonio J. Molina de la Torre
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  27. Ana-Belén Vega
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  28. Marina Pollán
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  29. Manolis Kogevinas
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  30. María José Sánchez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esther Molina-Montes.

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Amiano, P., Molina-Montes, E., Molinuevo, A. et al. Association study of dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and colorectal cancer risk in the Spanish Multicase–Control Cancer (MCC-Spain) study. Eur J Nutr 58, 2229–2242 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1773-3

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