Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes on the healing of infected skin wounds

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Dermatological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tissue engineering focuses on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix containing cytokines, growth factors and cells that are gradually released into the wound over time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRF membranes on wound repair and microbial control in infected wounds. Skin wounds were performed on the dorsum of rats using a 6 mm diameter metal punch. The defects were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12/each) accordingly to the treatment: G1, noninfected wound filled only with clot; G2, noninfected wound with PRF; G3, infected wound (S. aureus) without PRF; G4, infected wound (S. aureus) with PRF. After 7 and 14 days, macroscopic and histological analyses of the wounds were performed. Furthermore, the quantification of β-defensin in PRF was measured by ELISA. At 14 days, the groups with PRF (G2 and G4) had wound sizes significantly smaller than the original defects (6 mm) (p < 0.05) and significantly smaller than those not treated with PRF, in both the infected and noninfected groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the groups with infected wounds (G3 and G4) demonstrated a significantly lower inflammation score in the PRF group than in the noninfected groups (p < 0.05). In vitro analysis of β-defensin was performed in all PRF membrane groups, and the median value was 1.444 pg/mL. PRF in the wounds of both control and infected rats played an important role in the modulation of tissue healing, most notably in infected sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gonzalez AC, Costa TF, Andrade ZA, Medrado AR (2016) Wound healing – a literature review. An Bras Dermatol 91(5):614–620

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghanaati S, Booms P, Orlowska A, Kubesch A, Lorenz J, Rutkowski J, Landes C, Sader R, Kirkpatrick C, Choukroun J (2014) Advanced platelet-rich fibrin: a new concept for cell-based tissue engineering by means of inflammatory cells. J Oral Implantol 40(6):679–689

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. He L, Lin Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wu H (2009) A comparative study of platelet- rich brin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the e ect of proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108:707–713

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Rasmusson L, Albrektsson T (2009) Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte and plateletrich fibrin (L-PRF). Trends Biotechnol 27:158–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, Girard MO, Schoeffler C, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Dohan DM (2006) Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101:56–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A et al (2006) Platelet-rich brin (PRF): A second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological con- cepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101:e37–e44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpier A, Girard MO, Schoeffler C, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Dohan DM (2006) Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second generation platelet concentrate Part V: histologic evaluations of PRF effects on bone allograft maturation in sinus lift. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101(3):299–303

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Del Corso M, Diss A, Mouhyi J, Charrier JB (2010) Three-dimensional architecture and cell composition of a Choukroun’s platelet-rich brin clot and membrane. J Periodontol 81:546–555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kobayashi E, Flückiger L, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Sawada K, Sculean A, Schaller B, Miron RJ (2016) Comparative release of growth factors from PRP, PRF, and advanced-PRF. Clin Oral Investig 20(9):2353–2360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pradeep AR, Rao NS, Agarwal E, Bajaj P, Kumari M, Naik SB (2012) Comparative evaluation of autologous platelet-rich brin and platelet- rich plasma in the treatment of 3-wall intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 83:1499–1507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee PHA, Ohtake T, Zaiou M, Murakami M, Rudisill JA, Lin KH (2005) Expression of an additional cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide protects against bacterial skin infection. PNAS 102(10):3750–3755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Schmidt NW, Mishra A, Lai GH, Davis M, Sanders LK, Tran D (2011) Criterion for amino acid composition of defensins and antimicrobial peptides based on geometry of membrane destabilization. J Am Chem Soc 133(17):6720–6727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Scharf S, Zahlten J, Szymanski K, Hippenstiel S, Suttorp N, N’Guessan PD (2012) Streptococcus pneumoniae induces human β-defensin-2 and -3 in human lung epithelium. Exp Lung Res 38(2):100–110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kraemer BF, Campbell RA, Schwertz H, Cody MJ, Franks Z, Tolley ND, Kahr WH, Lindemann S, Seizer P, Yost CC, Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS (2011) Novel anti-bacterial activities of β-defensin 1 in human platelets: suppression of pathogen growth and signaling of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. PLoS Pathog 7(11):e1002355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Peng Z, Tang P, Zhao L, Wu L, Xu X, Lei H, Zhou M, Zhou C, Li Z (2020) Advances in biomaterials for adipose tissue reconstruction in plastic surgery. Nanotech Reviews 9(1):385–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Vecchio D, Dai T, Huang L, Fantetti L, Roncucci G, Hamblin MR (2013) Antimicrobialphotodynamic therapy with RLP068 kills methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and improves wound healing in a mouse model of infected skin abrasion PDT with RLP068/Cl in infected mouse skin abrasion. J Biophotonics 6(9):733–742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Silva DC, Plapler H, Costa MM, Silva SR, Sá Mda C, Silva BS (2013) Low level laser therapy (AlGaInP) applied at 5J/cm2 reduces the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in infected wounds and intact skin of rats. An Bras Dermatol 88(1):50–55

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Padilha WSM, Soares AB, Navarro-Junior H, Joly JC, Peruzzo DC, Napimoga MH, Martinez EF (2018) Histological evaluation of L-PRF in the inflammatory process and repair of non-critical bone defects in the calvaria of rats. JOMI 33(6):1206–1212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. de Lago ES, Ferreira S, Garcia IR Jr, Okamoto R, Mariano RC (2020) Improvement of bone repair with l-PRF and bovine bone in calvaria of rats histometric and immunohistochemical study. Clin Oral Investig. 24(5):1637–1650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Martinez EF, Rodrigues AE, Teixeira LN, Esposito AR, Cabrera WI, Demasi AP, Passador-Santos F (2019) Histological evaluation of a new beta-tricalcium Phosphate/Hydroxyapatite/Poly (1-Lactide-Co-Caprolactone) composite biomaterial in the inflammatory process and repair of critical bone defects. Symmetry 11(11):1356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. de Oliveira Junior JM, Montagner PG, Carrijo RC, Martinez EF (2021) Physical characterization of biphasic bioceramic material with different granulation sizes and their influence on bonerepair and inflammation in rat calvaria. Sci Rep 11:4484

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Broughton G, Janis JE, Attinger CE (2006) Wound healing: an overview. Plast Reconstr Surg. 117(7 Suppl):1e-S−32e-S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V (2009) The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res 37(5):1528–1542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Anitua E, Andia I, Ardanza B, Nurden P, Nurden AT (2004) Autologous platelets as a source of proteins for healing and tissue regeneration. Thromb Haemost 91(1):4–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sánchez AR, Sheridan PJ, Kupp LI (2003) Is platelet-rich plasma the perfect enhancement factor? A current review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 18(1):93–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nogueira LS, Martinez EF, Peruzzo DC, Joly JC, Napimoga MH (2020) Inflammatory cell profile using different autologous PRF protocols. Tissue Cell 67:101407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Jacob Filho W, Lima CC, Paunksnis MRR et al (2018) Reference database of hematological parameters for growing and aging rats. Aging Male 21(2):145–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Miron RJ, Pinto NR, Quirynen M, Ghanaati S (2019) Standardization of relative centrifugal forces in studies related to platelet-rich fibrin. J Periodontol 90:817–820

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Peacock EE, Van Winkle W (1976) Repair of skin wounds, 2nd edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 204–270

    Google Scholar 

  30. Van Winkle W (1967) Wound contraction. Surg Gynecol Obstet 125:131–142

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cross SE, Naylor IL, Coleman RA, Teo TC (1995) An experimental model to investigate the dynamics of wound contraction. Br J Plast Surg 48(4):189–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kawase T, Kamiya M, Kobayashi M et al (2015) The heat-compression technique for the conversion of platelet-rich fibrin preparation to a barrier membrane with a reduced rate of biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 103(4):825–831

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tecle T, Tripathi S, Hartshorn KL (2010) Review: defensins and cathelicidins in kung immunity. Innate Immun 16:151–159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Routsias JG, Karagounis P, Parvulesku G, Legakis NJ, Tsakris A (2010) In vitro bactericidal activity of human beta-defensin 2 against nosocomial strains. Peptides 31(9):1654–1660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yang D, Chertov O, Bykovskaia SN et al (1999) Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science 286(5439):525–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Suarez-Carmona M, Humbert P, Delvenne P, Herfs M (2015) Defensins: “Simple” antimicrobial peptides or broad-spectrum molecules? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 26:361–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Fernanda Barchesi Zanelatto for her technical assistance with the animals. The authors should also acknowledge Marília Portela for promptly volunteering to review this manuscript regarding its English language content and Dr. Rafael Bovi Ambrosano for helping with the statistical analysis of the data.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Oral Implantology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Bruno Botto Barros Silveira

  2. Division of Cell Biology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, CEP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13045-610, Brazil

    Lucas Novaes Teixeira & Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez

  3. Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Richard J. Miron

Authors
  1. Bruno Botto Barros Silveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lucas Novaes Teixeira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Richard J. Miron
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The study design was conceived by BBBS and EFM. The study was executed by BBBS and EFM. Data analysis was performed by BBBS, LNT and EFM. Interpretation was performed by BBBS, LNT, RJM and EFM. The manuscript was written by BBBS, LNT, RJM and EFM.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Ethical approval

The research protocol was approved by the Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic’s Committee of Ethics in the Use of Animals (number 2018/023).

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Silveira, B.B.B., Teixeira, L.N., Miron, R.J. et al. Effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes on the healing of infected skin wounds. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 559–567 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02401-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02401-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation