Abstract
Efinaconazole 10 % solution is a new triazole antifungal agent developed for the topical treatment of fungal infections of the nails. The current study examined the effect of intratympanic application of efinaconazole 10 % solution in the guinea pig ear. Sixteen male Hartley guinea pigs (weight 501–620 g) were divided into 3 groups to be treated with efinaconazole 10 % solution, gentamicin (50 mg/mL), or saline solution. Topical solutions of 0.2 mL were applied through a small hole made at the tympanic bulla once daily for 7 consecutive days. Post-intervention auditory brainstem responses were obtained 7 days after the last treatment. The extent of middle ear damage and hair cell loss was investigated. The efinaconazole- and gentamicin-treated groups showed severe deterioration in auditory brainstem response threshold. Middle ear examination revealed extensive changes in the efinaconazole-treated group and medium changes in the gentamicin-treated group. Hair cells were preserved in the efinaconazole- and saline-treated groups, but severe damage was seen in the gentamicin group. In conclusion, efinaconazole 10 % solution applied intratympanically to the guinea pig middle ear caused significant middle ear inflammation and hearing impairment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Munguia R, Daniel SJ (2008) Ototopical antifungals and otomycosis: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 72:453–459. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.12.005
Jackman A, Ward R, April M, Bent J (2005) Topical antibiotic induced otomycosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69:857–860. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.01.022
Marsh RR, Tom LW (1989) Ototoxicity of antimycotics. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 100:134–136
Tom LW (2000) Ototoxicity of common topical antimycotic preparations. Laryngoscope 110:509–516. doi:10.1097/00005537-200004000-00003
Zeichner JA, Stein Gold L, Korotzer A (2014) Penetration of ((14)C)-efinaconazole topical solution, 10 %, does not appear to be influenced by nail polish. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 7:34–36
Oshima H, Nomura K, Yamazaki M et al (2014) Ototoxic effect of daptomycin applied to the guinea pig middle ear. Acta Otolaryngol 134:679–683. doi:10.3109/00016489.2014.898186
Nomura K, Oshima H, Yamauchi D et al (2014) Ototoxic effect of ultrastop antifog solution applied to the guinea pig middle ear. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 151:840–844. doi:10.1177/0194599814545749
Zettel ML, Zhu X, O’Neill WE, Frisina RD (2007) Age-related decline in Kv3.1b expression in the mouse auditory brainstem correlates with functional deficits in the medial olivocochlear efferent system. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 8:280–293. doi:10.1007/s10162-007-0075-x
Pawlowski KS, Si E, Wright CG et al (2010) Ototoxicity of topical azithromycin solutions in the guinea pig. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 136:481–487. doi:10.1001/archoto.2010.54
Kurnatowski P, Filipiak A (2001) Otomycosis: prevalence, clinical symptoms, therapeutic procedure. Mycoses 44:472–479
Ho T, Vrabec JT, Yoo D, Coker NJ (2006) Otomycosis: clinical features and treatment implications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135:787–791. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.07.008
Daniel SJ (2012) Topical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Curr Infect Dis Rep 14:121–127. doi:10.1007/s11908-012-0246-8
Del Rosso JQ (2014) The role of topical antifungal therapy for onychomycosis and the emergence of newer agents. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 7:10–18
Del Rosso JQ, Reece B, Smith K, Miller T (2013) Efinaconazole 10 % solution: a new topical treatment for onychomycosis: contact sensitization and skin irritation potential. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 6:20–24
Jo W, Glynn M, Nejishima H et al (2014) Nonclinical safety assessment of efinaconazole solution (10 %) for onychomycosis treatment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 70:242–253. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.012
Jo Siu WJ, Tatsumi Y, Senda H et al (2013) Comparison of in vitro antifungal activities of efinaconazole and currently available antifungal agents against a variety of pathogenic fungi associated with onychomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:1610–1616. doi:10.1128/AAC.02056-12
Jarratt M, Siu WJ, Yamakawa E et al (2013) Safety and pharmacokinetics of efinaconazole 10 % solution in healthy volunteers and patients with severe onychomycosis. J Drugs Dermatol 12:1010–1016
Perez R, Freeman S, Sohmer H, Sichel JY (2000) Vestibular and cochlear ototoxicity of topical antiseptics assessed by evoked potentials. Laryngoscope 110:1522–1527. doi:10.1097/00005537-200009000-00021
Aktaş S, Basoglu MS, Aslan H et al (2013) Hearing loss effects of administering boric alcohol solution prepared with alcohol in various degrees on guinea pigs (an experimental study). Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 77:1465–1468. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.06.010
Morizono T, Sikora MA (1981) Ototoxicity of ethanol in the tympanic cleft in animals. Acta Otolaryngol 92:33–40
Conflict of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arakawa, K., Nomura, K., Oshima, H. et al. Effect of intratympanic application of efinaconazole 10 % solution in the guinea pig. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273, 1137–1142 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3669-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3669-7