Abstract
The advent of the endoscope has facilitated otological surgery in recent years. Advances in optical technology have led to the development of high definition visualisation, such as 4K magnification. Narrow band imaging (NBI) has been shown to improve visualisation of tissue based on varying degrees of vascularity. This is a feasibility study, the first of its kind, aiming to investigate the appearances of middle ear anatomy and pathology (tympanic membrane, tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma, granulation, endolymphatic sac hydrops, otosclerosis) under the NBI filter, using a high definition 4K endoscope. Qualitative analysis of image detail and operating time in minutes were recorded. The study demonstrates that these two technologies can be implemented with ease into practice, and show a clear differentiation between pathology and normal anatomy. NBI and 4K magnification prove to be useful adjuncts to the surgeon during endoscopic ear surgery.
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All authors of this paper declare that he/she has no conflict of interest. The authors declared that this study received no financial support.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethics committee approval was received for this study from the ethics committee of research and development of Barking Havering Redbridge NHS Trust.
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Written informed consent was obtained from all patients preoperatively who participated in this study.
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Zhang, H., Wong, P.Y., Magos, T. et al. Use of narrow band imaging and 4K technology in otology and neuro-otology: preliminary experience and feasibility study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 275, 301–305 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4783-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4783-5