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Isotopic and geochemical constraints on the age and origin of granitoids from the central Mawson Escarpment, southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica

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Abstract

Granitoids from the central Mawson Escarpment (southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica) range in age from Archaean to Early Ordovician. U–Pb dating of zircon from these rocks indicates that they were emplaced in three distinct pulses: at 3,519 ± 20, 2,123 ± 12 Ma and between 530 and 490 Ma. The Archaean rocks form a layer-parallel sheet of limited extent observed in the vicinity of Harbour Bluff. This granitoid is of tonalitic-trondhjemitic composition and has a Sr-undepleted, Y-depleted character typical of Archaean TTG suites. εNd and TDM values for these rocks are −2.1 and 3.8 Ga, respectively. Subsequent Palaeoproterozoic intrusions are of granitic composition (senso stricto) with pronounced negative Sr anomalies. These rocks have εNd and TDM values of −4.8 and 2.87 Ga, indicating that these rocks were probably melted from an appreciably younger source than that tapped by the Early Archaean orthogneiss. The remaining intrusions are of Early Cambrian to Ordovician age and were emplaced coincident with the major orogenic event observed in this region. Cambro–Ordovician intrusive activity included the emplacement of layer-parallel pre-deformational granite sheets at approximately 530 Ma, and the intrusion of cross cutting post-tectonic granitic and pegmatitic dykes at ca. 490 Ma. These intrusive events bracket middle- to upper-amphibolite facies deformation and metamorphism, the age of which is constrained to ca. 510 Ma—the age obtained from a syn-tectonic leucogneiss. Nd–Sr isotope data from the more felsic Cambro–Ordovican intrusions (SiO2 > 70 wt%), represented by the post-tectonic granite and pegmatite dykes, suggest these rocks were derived from Late Archaean or Palaeoproterozoic continental crust (TDM ∼ 3.5–2.3 Ga, εNd ∼ −21.8 to −25.9) not dissimilar to that tapped by the Early Proterozoic intrusions. In contrast, the compositionally more intermediate rocks (SiO2 < 65 wt%), represented by the metaluminous pre-tectonic Turk orthogneiss, appear to have melted from a notably younger lithospheric or depleted mantle source (TDM = 1.91 Ga, εNd ∼ −14.5). The Turk orthogneiss additionally shows isotopic (low 143Nd/144Nd and low 87Sr/86Sr) and geochemical (high Sr/Y) similarities to magmas generated at modern plate boundaries—the first time such a signature has been identified for Cambrian intrusive rocks in this sector of East Antarctica. These data demonstrate that: (1) the intrusive history of the Lambert Complex differs from that observed in the adjacent tectonic provinces exposed to the north and the south and (2) the geochemical characteristics of the most mafic of the known Cambrian intrusions are supportive of the notion that Cambrian orogenesis occurred at a plate boundary. This leads to the conclusion that the discrete tectonic provinces observed in the southern Prince Charles Mountains were likely juxtaposed as a result of Early Cambrian tectonism.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank John Sheraton and Bob Pankhurst for constructive reviews on an earlier version of the manuscript as well as the efforts of two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped shape the published version of this contribution. The Australian Antarctic Division is thanked for their logistical support over the 1997–1998 summer, particularly Gary Kuehn for his invaluable assistance in the field. The Australian Antarctic Division and the Australian Research Council (ARC) are acknowledged for their contributions to the cost of field and analytical expenses. These were met by Australian Antarctic Science grant AAD 1215 and ARC Discovery Grant DP0343406 awarded to Professor Chris Wilson. Janet Hergt from the University of Melbourne is thanked for reading a pre-submission version of the manuscript and for her guidance in the application of the various geochemical techniques. Thanks also go to Dr Frank Lisker and Prof. Martin Olesch from Bremen Universität who SDB visited in 2004 and where the first version of this manuscript was written. Finally, Candice Chan is thanked for her editorial assistance.

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  1. School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    S. D. Boger & R. Maas

  2. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    C. M. Fanning

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  1. S. D. Boger
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Boger, S.D., Maas, R. & Fanning, C.M. Isotopic and geochemical constraints on the age and origin of granitoids from the central Mawson Escarpment, southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. Contrib Mineral Petrol 155, 379–400 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0249-x

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