Abstract
Current tissue engineering technology focuses on developing simple tissues, whereas multilayered structures comprising several tissue types have rarely been described. We developed a highly biomimetic multilayered palate substitute with bone and oral mucosa tissues using rabbit cells and biomaterials subjected to nanotechnological techniques based on plastic compression. This novel palate substitute was autologously grafted in vivo, and histological and histochemical analyses were used to evaluate biointegration, cell function, and cell differentiation in the multilayered palate substitute. The three-dimensional structure of the multilayered palate substitute was histologically similar to control tissues, but the ex vivo level of cell and tissue differentiation were low as determined by the absence of epithelial differentiation although cytokeratins 4 and 13 were expressed. In vivo grafting was associated with greater cell differentiation, epithelial stratification, and maturation, but the expression of cytokeratins 4, 13, 5, and 19 at did not reach control tissue levels. Histochemical analysis of the oral mucosa stroma and bone detected weak signals for proteoglycans, elastic and collagen fibers, mineralization deposits and osteocalcin in the multilayered palate substitute cultured ex vivo. However, in vivo grafting was able to induce cell and tissue differentiation, although the expression levels of these components were always significantly lower than those found in controls, except for collagen in the bone layer. These results suggest that generation of a full-thickness multilayered palate substitute is achievable and that tissues become partially differentiated upon in vivo grafting.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I + D+I) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grants FIS PI14/2110 and FIS PI15/2048 (co-financed by ERDF-FEDER, European Union) and by grant SAS PI-0386-2014 from the Fundación Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucia, Spain. This work is part of the PhD thesis prepared by R. Fernández-Valadés-Gámez. The authors thank Amalia de la Rosa and Concha López and the Experimental Unit of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital for their support with the surgical procedures, and K. Shashok for improving the use of English in the manuscript.
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Martín-Piedra, M.A., Alaminos, M., Fernández-Valadés-Gámez, R. et al. Development of a multilayered palate substitute in rabbits: a histochemical ex vivo and in vivo analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 147, 377–388 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-016-1489-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-016-1489-5