Abstract
Purpose
The aerobic exercise affects the respiratory redox-state. The influence of different relative humidity (RH) levels on the formation of respiratory reactive chemical species associated with redox-state altered by exercise has been poorly explored. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of two different RH conditions (40% vs. 90%) on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite in exhaled breath condensate ([H2O2]EBC and [NO2−]EBC) and spirometry parameters in recreational cyclists.
Methods
Sixteen men and women (12/4) (mean age ± SD: 23.5 ± 2.2 years) completed 60-min of cycling at 166.3 ± 26.9 watts (70% of maximum load of \(\dot{\text{V}}{{\text{O}}}_{2}\)-max. test, 49.3 ± 7.6 mL·min−1·kg−1) at random 40%-RH and 90%-RH conditions separated by 7 days. The two-way RM-ANOVA test was applied to compare [H2O2]EBC, [NO2−]EBC, [NO2−]EBC/[NO2−]Plasma at rest and 80-min post-exercise (80-post); and spirometry parameters at rest, 20-post and 80-post.
Results
The interaction of factors (humidity × time) was significant in [H2O2]EBC, [NO2−]EBC, [NO2−]EBC/[NO2−]Plasma (p = 0.005, p = 0.030, p = 0.043, respectively). At 40%-RH conditions, the same parameters were higher in 80-post than at rest (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.014, respectively). At the same time, the [H2O2]EBC and [NO2−]EBC/[NO2−]Plasma were higher in 40%-RH than 90%-RH (p = 0.010, p < 0.001, respectively). The interaction was significant in FEV1 (p = 0.013) and FEF25-75% (p = 0.023), but not in FEV1/FVC (p = 0.362). At 80-post, the changes are kept in 90%-RH (p < 0.001), diminishing in 40%-RH being similar to rest.
Conclusion
In recreational cyclists, 90%-RH prevents the increase of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite in exhaled breath condensate samples observed at 40%-RH and prolonging the bronchodilation until 80-post cycling exercise.
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Abbreviations
- BSA:
-
Body surface area
- EBC:
-
Exhaled breath condensate
- FEF25–75% :
-
Forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of maximal
- FEV1 :
-
Forced expiratory volume in first second
- FVC:
-
Forced vital capacity
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- NO2− :
-
Nitrite anion
- RH:
-
Relative humidity
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{E}}\) :
-
Lung ventilation
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{Etot}}\) :
-
Total lung ventilation (estimated)
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{2}} {\text{ } - \text{ max}}.\) :
-
Maximal oxygen consumption
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Mr. Luis Pizarro Zúñiga for technical assistance.
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FCB: protocol design, data analysis, manuscript redaction, final approval. MER: measurement, data base management. GV: data analysis, manuscript redaction, final approval. OA: concept and design the study, data analysis, manuscript redaction, final approval.
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Communicated by I. Mark Olfert.
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421_2020_4456_MOESM2_ESM.jpg
Values of relative humidity and temperatures during exercise protocol. a Relative humidity in both conditions. b Temperature of forehead, mouth, and air in 40%-RH. c Temperature of forehead, mouth, and air in 90%-RH (JPG 972 kb)
421_2020_4456_MOESM3_ESM.jpg
Comparison of symptoms perceived at final of exercise in both conditions (40% vs. 90%-RH). a Dyspnoea. b Fatigue (JPG 749 kb)
421_2020_4456_MOESM4_ESM.jpg
Correlation between changes in lung ventilation in relation to body surface area with changes in concentration of hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate. a 40%-RH. b 90%-RH (JPG 851 kb)
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Contreras-Briceño, F., Espinosa-Ramirez, M., Viscor, G. et al. Humidity prevents the exercise-induced formation of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite in exhaled breath condensate in recreational cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 2339–2348 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04456-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04456-9