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Temporal and spatial appearance of wall polysaccharides during cellularization of barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm

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A Protocol for this article was published on 23 August 2012

Abstract

Barley endosperm begins development as a syncytium where numerous nuclei line the perimeter of a large vacuolated central cell. Between 3 and 6 days after pollination (DAP) the multinucleate syncytium is cellularized by the centripetal synthesis of cell walls at the interfaces of nuclear cytoplasmic domains between individual nuclei. Here we report the temporal and spatial appearance of key polysaccharides in the cell walls of early developing endosperm of barley, prior to aleurone differentiation. Flowering spikes of barley plants grown under controlled glasshouse conditions were hand-pollinated and the developing grains collected from 3 to 8 DAP. Barley endosperm development was followed at the light and electron microscope levels with monoclonal antibodies specific for (1→3)-β-d-glucan (callose), (1→3,1→4)-β-d-glucan, hetero-(1→4)-β-d-mannans, arabino-(1→4)-β-d-xylans, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) and with the enzyme, cellobiohydrolase II, to detect (1→4)-β-d-glucan (cellulose). Callose and cellulose were present in the first formed cell walls between 3 and 4 DAP. However, the presence of callose in the endosperm walls was transient and at 6 DAP was only detected in collars surrounding plasmodesmata. (1→3,1→4)-β-d-Glucan was not deposited in the developing cell walls until approximately 5 DAP and hetero-(1→4)-β-d-mannans followed at 6 DAP. Deposition of AGPs and arabinoxylan in the wall began at 7 and 8 DAP, respectively. For arabinoxylans, there is a possibility that they are deposited earlier in a highly substituted form that is inaccessible to the antibody. Arabinoxylan and heteromannan were also detected in Golgi and associated vesicles in the cytoplasm. In contrast, (1→3,1→4)-β-d-glucan was not detected in the cytoplasm in endosperm cells; similar results were obtained for coleoptile and suspension cultured cells.

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Abbreviations

DAP:

Days after pollination

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation, Australia and a University of Melbourne Early Career Research Grant awarded to S.M. Wilson.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cereal Functional Genomics Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Sarah M. Wilson, Monika S. Doblin, Edward J. Newbigin & Antony Bacic

  2. Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Antony Bacic

  3. Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Wine, Adelaide University, Waite Campus, 5064, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia

    Rachel A. Burton & Geoffrey B. Fincher

  4. Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Bruce A. Stone

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  1. Sarah M. Wilson
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  2. Rachel A. Burton
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Correspondence to Antony Bacic.

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Wilson, S.M., Burton, R.A., Doblin, M.S. et al. Temporal and spatial appearance of wall polysaccharides during cellularization of barley (Hordeum vulgare) endosperm. Planta 224, 655–667 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0244-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0244-x

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