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Expansion of the Ago gene family in the teleost clade

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Abstract

AGO proteins are universal effectors of eukaryotic small RNA-directed regulatory pathways. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to explore the AGO sub-family in the teleost clade. We identified five Ago homologues in teleost genomes, one more than encoded in other vertebrate clades. The additional teleost homologue was preserved most likely due to the differential retention of regulatory elements following the fish-specific genome duplication event that occurred approximately 350 million years ago. Analysis of all five Ago genomic loci in teleosts revealed that orthologues contain specific, conserved sequence elements in non-coding regions indicating that the teleost Ago paralogues are differentially regulated. This was supported by qRT-PCR analysis that showed differential expression of the zebrafish homologues across development and between adult tissues indicating stage and tissue-specific function of individual AGO proteins. Multiple sequence alignments showed not only that all teleost homologues possess critical residues for AGO function, but also that teleost homologues contain multiple orthologue-specific features, indicative of structural diversification. Notably, these are retained throughout the vertebrate lineage arguing these may be important for orthologue-specific functions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Christine Neyt for technical assistance. We are grateful for grant support by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC grant number 631460) and the Australian Research Council (ARC grant number DP0879913). D.W. is a CDA Fellow of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC grant number 519737). This research was supported by the Invasive Animal Cooperative Research Centre and the Australian Zebrafish Phenomics Facility (NHMRC Grant Number 455871). I.B. was supported by a Feodor Lynen Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Lindsey McFarlane, Terje Svingen, Peter Koopman & Dagmar Wilhelm

  2. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA

    Ingo Braasch

  3. Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Manfred Schartl

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  1. Lindsey McFarlane
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  2. Terje Svingen
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Correspondence to Dagmar Wilhelm.

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Communicated by M. Hammerschmidt

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McFarlane, L., Svingen, T., Braasch, I. et al. Expansion of the Ago gene family in the teleost clade. Dev Genes Evol 221, 95–104 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-011-0363-7

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