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Structure–function relationships of inhibition of mosquito cytochrome P450 enzymes by flavonoids of Andrographis paniculata

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Abstract

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are known to play a major role in pyrethroid resistance, by means of increased rate of insecticide detoxification as a result of their overexpression. Inhibition of detoxification enzymes may help disrupting insect detoxifying defense system. The Anopheles minimus CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7 have shown pyrethroid degradation activity and been implicated in pyrethroid resistance. In this study inhibition of the extracts and constituents of Andrographis paniculata Nees. leaves and roots was examined against benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylation (BROD) of CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7. Four purified flavones (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,8,2′,3′-tetramethoxyflavone, and 5,4′-dihydroxy-7,8,2′,3′-tetramethoxyflavone), one flavanone (5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone) and a diterpenoid (14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide) containing inhibitory effects toward both enzymes were isolated from A. paniculata. Structure–function relationships were observed for modes and kinetics of inhibition among flavones, while diterpenoid and flavanone were inferior to flavones. Docking of flavones onto enzyme homology models reinforced relationships on flavone structures and inhibition modes. Cell-based inhibition assays employing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y-l)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays revealed that these flavonoids efficiently increased susceptibility of CYP6AA3- and CYP6P7-expressing Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells to cypermethrin toxicity, due to inhibition effects on mosquito enzymes. Thus synergistic effects on cypermethrin toxicity of A. paniculata compounds as a result of enzyme inhibition could be useful for mosquito vector control and insecticide resistance management in the future.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Panida Lertkiatmongkol for providing us enzyme models and suggestions in molecular docking analysis. This work was supported by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Mahidol University, Royal Golden Jubilee Program (RGJ), TRF, and the Central Instrument Facility (CIF), Research Division, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phayatai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Rattanawadee Kotewong & Pornpimol Rongnoparut

  2. Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Petchaburi, IT campus, Sampraya, Chaam, Phetchaburi, 76120, Thailand

    Panida Duangkaew

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand

    Ekaruth Srisook

  4. Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand

    Ekaruth Srisook

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand

    Songklod Sarapusit

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  1. Rattanawadee Kotewong
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  2. Panida Duangkaew
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Correspondence to Pornpimol Rongnoparut.

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Kotewong, R., Duangkaew, P., Srisook, E. et al. Structure–function relationships of inhibition of mosquito cytochrome P450 enzymes by flavonoids of Andrographis paniculata . Parasitol Res 113, 3381–3392 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4003-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4003-9

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