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Burden and clinical outcomes of hospital-coded infections in patients with cancer: an 11-year longitudinal cohort study at an Australian cancer centre

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Abstract

Purpose

Patients with cancer are at increased risk for infection, but the relative morbidity and mortality of all infections is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, time-trends and risk of mortality of infections associated with hospital admissions in patients with haematological- and solid-tumour malignancies over 11 years.

Methods

A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of inpatient admissions between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017 at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre was conducted using administratively coded and patient demographics data. Descriptive analyses, autoregressive integrated moving average, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modelling were applied.

Results

Of 45,116 inpatient hospitalisations consisting of 3033 haematological malignancy (HM), 18,372 solid tumour neoplasm (STN) patients and 953 autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, 67%, 29% and 88% were coded with ≥ 1 infection, respectively. Gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream infections were observed with the highest incidence, and bloodstream infection rates increased significantly over time in both HM- and STN-cohorts. Inpatient length of stay was significantly higher in exposed patients with coded infection compared to unexposed in HM- and STN-cohorts (22 versus 4 days [p < 0.001] and 15 versus 4 days [p < 0.001], respectively). Risk of in-hospital mortality was higher in exposed than unexposed patients in the STN-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.41–1.83]; p < 0.001)) and HM-cohort (aHR 1.30 [95% CI 0.90–1.90]; p = 0.166).

Conclusion

Infection burden among cancer patients is substantial and findings reflect the need for targeted surveillance in high-risk patient groups (e.g. haematological malignancy), in whom enhanced monitoring may be required to support infection prevention strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Janice Yeung and Ms. Kathryn Baxter of the PMCC’s Health Information Services for allowing the investigators to access their administrative coding data and for their ongoing assistance in data interpretation. The authors thank Ms. Cathy Ma of the PMCC’s Operational Planning and Performance for authorizing administrative access to the patient data. We also thank Mr. Matthew Ha, PMCC Reporting and Data Analyst, for preparing the data for collection. The authors acknowledge the statistical services provided by Mr. Cameron Patrick, Biostatistician at the Melbourne Statistical Consulting Platform, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne. The authors also extend their appreciation to Ms. Frances Martin, Mr. Chris Kearney, Ms. Heather Grain, Associate Professor Deborah Williamson, Dr. Megan Crane, Dr. Michelle K. Yong and colleagues of the NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer for their academic rigour, intellectual input and insight into systems and coding frameworks.

Funding

This study was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship awarded to J.C.V. by the University of Melbourne and a Cardinal Health Infection Control Scholarship awarded to J.C.V. by the Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Jake C. Valentine, Lisa Hall, Tim Spelman, Karin M. Verspoor, Karin A. Thursky, Monica A. Slavin & Leon J. Worth

  2. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

    Jake C. Valentine, Karin A. Thursky, Monica A. Slavin & Leon J. Worth

  3. Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

    Jake C. Valentine

  4. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Lisa Hall

  5. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Tim Spelman

  6. School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

    Karin M. Verspoor

  7. Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    John F. Seymour

  8. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Danny Rischin

  9. Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Karin A. Thursky, Monica A. Slavin & Leon J. Worth

  10. Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Karin A. Thursky, Monica A. Slavin & Leon J. Worth

  11. Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System Coordinating Centre, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Leon J. Worth

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Contributions

Manuscript preparation was by J.C.V., L.H., T.S., K.M.V., J.F.S., D.R., K.A.T., M.A.S. and L.J.W.; statistical analysis and data retrieval were by J.C.V.; study conception and design were by J.C.V., L.H., K.M.V. and L.J.W.; statistical support was provided from T.S.; all authors (J.C.V., L.H., T.S., K.M.V., J.F.S., D.R., K.A.T., M.A.S. and L.J.W.) contributed to the data interpretation and the critical revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jake C. Valentine.

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Valentine, J.C., Hall, L., Spelman, T. et al. Burden and clinical outcomes of hospital-coded infections in patients with cancer: an 11-year longitudinal cohort study at an Australian cancer centre. Support Care Cancer 28, 6023–6034 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05439-4

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