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Numerical Analysis of Block Caving-Induced Instability in Large Open Pit Slopes: A Finite Element/Discrete Element Approach

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Abstract

This paper addresses one of the most challenging problems in mining rock engineering—the interaction between block cave mining and a large overlying open pit. The finite element modeling/discrete element modeling (FEM/DEM) approach was utilized in the analysis of block caving-induced step-path failure development in a large open pit slope. The analysis indicated that there is a threshold percentage of critical intact rock bridges along a step-path failure plane that may ensure the stability of an open pit throughout caving operations. Transition from open pit to underground mining at Palabora mine presents an important example of a pit wall instability triggered by caving. Using combined FEM/DEM-DFN (discrete fracture network) modeling, it was possible to investigate the formation of a basal failure surface within an open pit slope as a direct result of cave mining. The modeling of Palabora highlighted the importance of rock mass tensile strength and its influence on caving-induced slope response.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge research funding provided by Rio Tinto and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We would also like to acknowledge research collaboration with Andre van As (Rio Tinto), Erik Eberhardt, Scott Dunbar, and Malcolm Scoble (University of British Columbia), and Steve Rogers (Golder Associates Ltd). The technical support of Rockfield Technology Ltd. (UK) is gratefully appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Copper Projects Group, Rio Tinto Ltd., 354-200 Granville St., Vancouver, BC, V6C 1S4, Canada

    Alexander Vyazmensky & A. Moss

  2. Department of Earth Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    D. Stead

  3. Mining Group, Golder Associates Ltd., Greater Vancouver Office, Burnaby, BC, Canada

    D. Elmo

Authors
  1. Alexander Vyazmensky
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  2. D. Stead
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  3. D. Elmo
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  4. A. Moss
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Correspondence to Alexander Vyazmensky.

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Vyazmensky, A., Stead, D., Elmo, D. et al. Numerical Analysis of Block Caving-Induced Instability in Large Open Pit Slopes: A Finite Element/Discrete Element Approach. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43, 21–39 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0035-3

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