Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) capped with lipoic acid (LA) or templated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are shown to be viable fluorescent probes for oxygen (O2) which acts as a collisional quencher. Quenching of fluorescence, with its lifetimes in the order of 123 ± 9 ns (LA) and 153 ± 15 ns (BSA) (in aqueous solution), is best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 400/680 nm and 375/650 nm respectively. It follows the Stern-Volmer model, whose quenching constants (Ksv) and quenching efficiencies (γ) are 1400 M−1 and 0.52 for AuNC@LA and 4479 M−1 and 0.90 for AuNC@BSA. The probes were immobilized on a silica support and tested for response to O2 in gas phase using a commercial instrument. The effect of temperature on the fluorescence of AuNC@LA was studied in the range from 30 to 210 °C. Fluorescence intensity slightly decreases with temperature in the first heating cycle but remains constant in further cycles. The AuNC@LA were studied for their response to O2 in the temperature range from 30 to 100 °C, and even at 100 °C they respond to O2, with a Ksv that slightly drops with increasing temperature. Measuring in gas phase at 100 °C, the sensor has a detection limit of 3% (V/V) of O2 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank to MINECO of Spain (CTQ2016-76846R), DGA-FEDER funding to Research Groups (E74) and BSH (project “Smart Ovens III”) for financial support.
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Martín-Barreiro, A., de Marcos, S. & Galbán, J. Gold nanoclusters as a quenchable fluorescent probe for sensing oxygen at high temperatures. Microchim Acta 185, 171 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2676-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-2676-y