Abstract
The increasing popularity of mobile computing devices has allowed for new research and application areas. Specifically, urban areas exhibit an elevated concentration of such devices enabling potential ad-hoc co-operation and sharing of resources among citizens. Here, we argue that people, architecture and technology together provide the infrastructure for these applications and an understanding of this infrastructure is important for effective design and development. We focus on describing the metrics for describing this infrastructure and elaborate on a set of observation, analysis and simulation methods for capturing, deriving and utilising those metrics.
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Reality Mining: http://reality.media.mit.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
http://www.haggleproject.org, accessed 14 July 2007.
Crawdad project: http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
MetroSense Project: http://metrosense.cs.dartmouth.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
Nike+: http://www.nikeplus.com, accessed 14 July 2007.
Noise Mapping England: http://noisemapping.org, accessed 14 July 2007.
MESSAGE Project: http://155.198.92.106/pmesg.html, accessed 14 July 2007.
Urban Sensing: http://research.cens.ucla.edu/projects/2006/systems/Urban_Sensing, accessed 14 July 2007.
http://www.orgnet.com/sna.html, accessed 11 February 2008.
For sample WiFi maps, visit http://www.wifimaps.com, last accessed 11 February 2008.
Wireless Rope: http://wrp.auriga.wearlab.de and http://sourceforge.net/projects/wirelessrope, accessed 11 February 2008.
For sample WiFi maps, visit http://www.wifimaps.com, accessed 11 February 2008.
Observations were conducted in August/September 2006.
The duration between two successive direct contacts between a pair of nodes.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Alan Penn, Ava Fatah gen. Schiek, Alistair Turner, Tim Kindberg, Przemyslaw Jaworski, George Roussos, Dikaios Papadogkonas, Nils Behrens, Andreas Kemnade, Michael Lawo, Otthein Herzog and Pan Hui. This research is partly funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant EP/C547683/1 (Cityware: urban design and pervasive systems), the European Union under the Haggle integrated project FP6-IST-027918 and the ACCA coordination action FP6-IST-6475.
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Kostakos, V., Nicolai, T., Yoneki, E. et al. Understanding and measuring the urban pervasive infrastructure. Pers Ubiquit Comput 13, 355–364 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-008-0196-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-008-0196-1