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Is centrally induced alveolar bone loss in a large animal model preventable by peripheral hormone substitution?

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Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Alveolar bone structures are mostly investigated in small animal models. The majority of these studies examined local influences on the alveolar bone, but only a few examined systemic influencing factors. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is known to be essential for a vital bone balance. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects that selective hormone treatments have on alveolar bone structure and quality in a sheep model for alveolar bone loss, induced by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection (HPD).

Methods

Thirty sheep were randomly selected into six groups of five each: control (C), ovariectomy—OVX (O), O + HPD (OH), OH with oestrogen treatment (OHE), OH with thyroxine (T4) treatment (OHT), and OH with a combined treatment of oestrogen and thyroxine (OHTE). After OVX and HPD procedures and an additional 9-month observation/treatment period, structural bone analyses of the mandible were performed by contact radiography, micro-CT, and static histomorphometry.

Results

The HPD procedure caused structural alveolar bone parameters to decrease significantly compared to controls (C). Treatment with oestrogen (OHE) was protective and bone structure was maintained at baseline levels. Thyroxine treatment (OHT) promoted significant bone loss, but the combined treatment (OHTE) improved bone structure and volume parameters even above baseline levels.

Conclusions

Alveolar bone homeostasis significantly underlies systemic regulatory systems. Centrally induced (HPD) bone loss can be prevented by combined peripheral treatment with oestrogen and thyroxine.

Clinical relevance

These results demonstrate the significance of a balanced hormonal regulatory system for steady bone remodelling and maintenance of healthy alveolar bone.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the tremendous help and technical assistance of Mr. Bruce Doughton and Ms. Lynda Morrish and would like to thank them, as well as Ms. Marion Dietzmann, for her help in histological processing. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of the DFG Research Group 793 to PP and MA. FTB, MJKS, and RO are fellows of the German Research Foundation (DFG AM 103/13-1 and DFG AM 103/14-1).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Frank Timo Beil

    Present address: Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37099, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Maciej J. K. Simon, Frank Timo Beil, Pia Pogoda, Michael Amling & Ralf Oheim

  2. Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Maciej J. K. Simon

  3. Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Eik Vettorazzi

  4. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia

    Iain Clarke

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  1. Maciej J. K. Simon
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Amling.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of the DFG Research Group 793 to PP and MA. FTB, MJKS, and RO are fellows of the German Research Foundation (DFG AM 103/13-1 and DFG AM 103/14-1).

Ethical approval

All applicable national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures and tissue collections were in accordance with the guidelines for the Care and Maintenance of Experimental Animals and with the prior approval of the Monash Medical Centre Animal Ethics Committee and the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Victoria, Australia.

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Simon, M.J.K., Beil, F.T., Pogoda, P. et al. Is centrally induced alveolar bone loss in a large animal model preventable by peripheral hormone substitution?. Clin Oral Invest 22, 495–503 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2138-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2138-7

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