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Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate Change Adaptation?

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Abstract

Riparian ecosystems in the 21st century are likely to play a critical role in determining the vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change, and in influencing the capacity of these systems to adapt. Some authors have suggested that riparian ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts due to their high levels of exposure and sensitivity to climatic stimuli, and their history of degradation. Others have highlighted the probable resilience of riparian ecosystems to climate change as a result of their evolution under high levels of climatic and environmental variability. We synthesize current knowledge of the vulnerability of riparian ecosystems to climate change by assessing the potential exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of their key components and processes, as well as ecosystem functions, goods and services, to projected global climatic changes. We review key pathways for ecological and human adaptation for the maintenance, restoration and enhancement of riparian ecosystem functions, goods and services and present emerging principles for planned adaptation. Our synthesis suggests that, in the absence of adaptation, riparian ecosystems are likely to be highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. However, given the critical role of riparian ecosystem functions in landscapes, as well as the strong links between riparian ecosystems and human well-being, considerable means, motives and opportunities for strategically planned adaptation to climate change also exist. The need for planned adaptation of and for riparian ecosystems is likely to be strengthened as the importance of many riparian ecosystem functions, goods and services will grow under a changing climate. Consequently, riparian ecosystems are likely to become adaptation ‘hotspots’ as the century unfolds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia

    Samantha J. Capon

  2. Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia

    Lynda E. Chambers

  3. Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia

    Ralph Mac Nally

  4. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 355020, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Robert J. Naiman

  5. Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, 6330, Australia

    Robert J. Naiman & Peter Davies

  6. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia

    Nadine Marshall

  7. Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia

    Jamie Pittock

  8. School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia

    Michael Reid

  9. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia

    Timothy Capon

  10. NERP Northern Australia Hub and Tropical Rivers and Coastal Knowledge Research Hub, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia

    Michael Douglas

  11. School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 2689, Australia

    Jane Catford

  12. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia

    Jane Catford

  13. CSIRO Land and Water and the Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre, LaTrobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, 3689, Australia

    Darren S. Baldwin

  14. Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3689, Australia

    Michael Stewardson

  15. Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, 2640, Australia

    Jane Roberts

  16. PO Box 6191, O’Connor, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2602, Australia

    Jane Roberts

  17. School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3689, Australia

    Meg Parsons

  18. Centre for Tropical Biodiversity & Climate Change, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia

    Stephen E. Williams

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  1. Samantha J. Capon
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  2. Lynda E. Chambers
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  3. Ralph Mac Nally
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  4. Robert J. Naiman
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  5. Peter Davies
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  6. Nadine Marshall
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  7. Jamie Pittock
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  8. Michael Reid
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  9. Timothy Capon
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  10. Michael Douglas
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  11. Jane Catford
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  14. Jane Roberts
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  15. Meg Parsons
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  16. Stephen E. Williams
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Correspondence to Samantha J. Capon.

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Author Contributions

SC: lead author, conceived study, performed research, contributed new models, wrote paper. LC: conceived study, performed research, contributed new models, wrote paper. RM: contributed new models, wrote paper. RN: contributed new models, wrote paper. PD: contributed new models, wrote paper. NM: performed research, wrote paper. JP: performed research, contributed new models, wrote paper. MR: performed research, contributed new models, wrote paper. TC: contributed new models, wrote paper. MD: performed research, wrote paper. JC: performed research, wrote paper. DB: performed research, contributed new models, wrote paper. MS: performed research, wrote paper. JR: performed research, wrote paper. MP: performed research, wrote paper. SW: conceived study, performed research.

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Capon, S.J., Chambers, L.E., Mac Nally, R. et al. Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate Change Adaptation?. Ecosystems 16, 359–381 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9656-1

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