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O-antigen serotyping and MALDI-TOF, potentially useful tools for optimizing semi-empiric antipseudomonal treatments through the early detection of high-risk clones

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Abstract

The increasing prevalence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is due to the global spread of defined high-risk clones (HRC). Among them, ST175 is particularly frequent in Spain and France. Here, we evaluated O-antigen serotyping and MALDI-TOF as typing methods for the early identification of ST175. O-antigen (O4) serotyping and MALDI-TOF biomarker peak-based recognition models were tested in several strain collections, including 206 non-duplicated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates collected in 2016. Resistance profiles were determined by broth microdilution and clonal epidemiology by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Up to 24.3% of the isolates were XDR and 28.2% non-susceptible to meropenem, while resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam (2.9%) and colistin (0.5%) was infrequent. Half of all XDR isolates belonged to ST175 and most of them were only susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam and colistin. A model based on the detection of one MALDI-TOF biomarker peak yielded negative and positive predicted values (NPV/PPV) for the detection of ST175 of 100%/51.9%, whereas NPV/PPV for a model based on two biomarker peaks were 99.4%/87.1% and for O4 serotyping, 99.4%/84.1%. Both, O4 serotyping and MALDI-TOF biomarker peak analysis, proved to be sensitive and specific methods that could be easily incorporated in the routine workflow for the early detection of ST175 HCR. Since ST175 is associated with defined XDR profiles, with most isolates only being susceptible to colistin and ceftolozane/tazobactam, these simple techniques could be useful for optimizing semi-empiric antipseudomonal treatments in areas where this HRC is prevalent.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Álvaro Gómez for his advice during the establishment of the MALDI-TOF spectra analysis protocols.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—co-financed by European Regional Development Fund “A way to achieve Europe” ERDF, through the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (RD12/0015 and RD16/0016) and grants PI15/00088 and PI18/00076.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Xavier Mulet, Rafaela García, María Gayá & Antonio Oliver

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  1. Xavier Mulet
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  2. Rafaela García
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  3. María Gayá
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  4. Antonio Oliver
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Correspondence to Xavier Mulet.

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Mulet, X., García, R., Gayá, M. et al. O-antigen serotyping and MALDI-TOF, potentially useful tools for optimizing semi-empiric antipseudomonal treatments through the early detection of high-risk clones. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38, 541–544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-03457-z

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