Erratum to: Reg Environ Change DOI 10.10007/s10113-016-1100-6

In the original publication of the article, when changes were made to make the exponents uniform throughout the paper, the decimal points were not adjusted accordingly. Following are the correct numbers:

  • On page 4 the first line in the first paragraph should read as follows:

    of 4.10 × 109 m3 a−1. These are located in remote and rural.

  • On page 4 the second line in the second paragraph should read as follows:

    supplied 3.12 × 109 m3 a−1 in 2013, and which are mostly.

  • On page 4 the numbers on the y axes of both Fig. 1a, b should be reduced by a factor of 10.

    Fig. 1
    figure 1

    a Shanghai annual water consumption 1978–2013. b Shanghai annual raw water supply 1978–2013

    Full size image

  • On page 4 lines 11 to 16 in the third paragraph should read as follows:

    period 1978–2013 increased from 0.97 × 109 m3 a−1 to 3.10 × 109 m3 a−1; of this, the water for residential and public open space increased from 0.36 × 109 m3 a−1 to 1.97 × 109 m3 a−1, a fivefold increase and therefore a rate obviously greater than that of industrial water (0.62–1.15 × 109 m3 a−1 over the same period) (Fig. 1a).

  • On page 4 lines 20 and 21 in the third paragraph should read as follows:

    water pumping grew from 1.17 × 109 m3 a−1 in 1978 to 4.10 × 109 m3 a−1 in 2013 (Fig. 1b).

  • On page 6 the numbers on the y axis of Fig. 5 should be reduced by a factor of 10.

    Fig. 5
    figure 5

    Projections of annual water demand for Shanghai to 2050 based on three scenarios of population and GDP growth

    Full size image

  • On page 6 lines 3 and 4 in the first paragraph of the section entitled “Estimating Shanghai’s aggregate municipal water demands” should read as follows:

    Shanghai in 2050 is estimated to be between 4.2 billion m3 (scenario 1) and 5.7 billion m3 (scenario 3), representing

  • On page 6 line 9 in the first paragraph of the section entitled “Estimating Shanghai’s aggregate municipal water demands” should read as follows:

    between 4.9 and 6.8 × 109 m3. Particularly when

  • On page 6 line 3 in the second paragraph of the section entitled “Estimating Shanghai’s aggregate municipal water demands” should read as follows:

    (4.10 × 109 m3 a−1) will be adequate to meet Shanghai’s

    The authors wish to apologise for these errors.