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Circulating MicroRNAs Indicative of Sex and Stress in the European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Toward the Identification of New Biomarkers

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a new category of biomarkers. Studies on miRNAs in non-mammalian species have drastically increased in the last few years. Here, we explored the use of miRNAs as potential, poorly invasive markers, to identify sex and characterize acute stress in fish. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was chosen as a model because of its rapid response to stress and its specific sex determination system, devoid of sexual chromosomes. We performed a small RNA-sequencing analysis in the blood plasma of male and female European seabass (mature and immature) as well as in the blood plasma of juveniles submitted to an acute stress and sampled throughout the recovery period (at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1.5 h and 6 h). In immature individuals, both miR-1388-3p and miR-7132a-5p were up-regulated in females, while miR-499a-5p was more abundant in males. However, no miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between sexes in the blood plasma of mature individuals. For the acute stress analysis, five miRNAs (miR-155-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-205-1-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-223-3p) followed cortisol production over time. All miRNAs identified were tested and validated by RT-qPCR on sequenced samples. A complementary analysis on the 3′UTR sequences of the European seabass allowed to predict potential mRNA targets, some of them being particularly relevant regarding stress regulation, e.g., the glucocorticoid receptor 1 and the mineralocorticoid receptor. The present study provides new avenues and recommendations on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of sex or stress of the European seabass, with potential application on other fish species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the team from Station Ifremer Palavas-les-Flots (France) and the team from Aquanord Gloria Maris (France) for the help in different sampling. The authors also thank Pierre Lopez for the sea bass infographic.

Funding

This work was funded by a grant from the European Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Fund (MiRNAs sex & stress, MiSS no. 20-00070).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France

    Camille Houdelet, François Ruelle & Gilbert Dutto

  2. MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France

    Eva Blondeau-Bidet, Sophie Hermet & Benjamin Geffroy

  3. MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France

    Mathilde Estevez-Villar & Xavier Mialhe

  4. Ecloserie Marine de Gravelines-Ichtus, Voie des Enrochements, F-59820, Gravelines, France

    Aline Bajek

  5. INRAE, UR1037, Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France

    Julien Bobe

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  1. Camille Houdelet
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  2. Eva Blondeau-Bidet
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  3. Mathilde Estevez-Villar
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  10. Benjamin Geffroy
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Benjamin Geffroy and Camille Houdelet; methodology: Benjamin Geffroy, Camille Houdelet, Sophie Hermet, François Ruelle, Gilbert Dutto, and Aline Bajek. Formal analysis: Eva Blondeau-Bidet, Mathilde Estevez-Villar, and Xavier Mialhe. Writing original draft: Camille Houdelet and Benjamin Geffroy. Writing—review and editing: Benjamin Geffroy, Camille Houdelet, Eva Blondeau-Bidet, and Julien Bobe. Funding acquisition: Benjamin Geffroy. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Benjamin Geffroy.

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Houdelet, C., Blondeau-Bidet, E., Estevez-Villar, M. et al. Circulating MicroRNAs Indicative of Sex and Stress in the European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Toward the Identification of New Biomarkers. Mar Biotechnol 25, 749–762 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10237-0

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