Abstract
A replicated iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) study on developing wheat heads from two doubled haploid (DH) lines identified from a cross between cv Westonia x cv Kauz characterized the proteome changes influenced by reproductive stage water-stress. All lines were exposed to 10 days of water-stress from early booting (Zadok 40), with sample sets taken from five head developmental stages. Two sample groups (water-stressed and control) account for 120 samples that required 18 eight-plex iTRAQ runs. Based on the IWGSC RefSeq v1 wheat assembly, among the 4592 identified proteins, a total of 132 proteins showed a significant response to water-stress, including the down-regulation of a mitochondrial Rho GTPase, a regulator of intercellular fundamental biological processes (7.5 fold) and cell division protein FtsZ at anthesis (6.0 fold). Up-regulated proteins included inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (3.83 fold) and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (4.05 fold). The Pre-FHE and FHE stages (full head emerged) of head development were differentiated by 391 proteins and 270 proteins differentiated the FHE and Post-FHE stages. Water-stress during meiosis affected seed setting with 27% and 6% reduction in the progeny DH105 and DH299 respectively. Among the 77 proteins that differentiated between the two DH lines, 7 proteins were significantly influenced by water-stress and correlated with the seed set phenotype response of the DH lines to water-stress (e.g. the up-regulation of a subtilisin-like protease in DH 299 relative to DH 105). This study provided unique insights into the biological changes in developing wheat head that occur during water-stress.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Australia China Centre for Wheat Improvement (ACCWI), Murdoch University, through the Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research, and Tertiary Education, Australia China Science and Research Fund Group Mission (Funding Agreement ACSRF00542).
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ESM 1
Leaf turgor (LT) of the flag leaf was measured to identify tissue hydration as the indication level of water-stress. (DOCX 12 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 1
Sampling stages; developmental stages of wheat heads. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Design and sample details of the iTRAQ experiment. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
Leaf turgor pressure comparison between water-stressed and well-watered plants. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 4
Functional categorisation of the identified proteins by iTRAQ analysis in the wheat developing heads. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was carried out through Biomart (Plants Ensemble) software, the two unrelated ontologies: biological process and molecular function were analysed. (PNG 6637 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 5a
KEGG pathway analysis (Plate A) and protein network analysis (Plate B) of cell division protein ftsZ. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 5b
(PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 6
Functional categorisation of the differentially expressed proteins between Pre-FHE and FHE stages in the wheat developing heads as identified by iTRAQ analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was carried out through Biomart (Plants Ensemble) software, the two unrelated ontologies: biological process and molecular function were analysed. (PNG 6637 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 7
Functional categorisation of the differentially expressed proteins between FHE and Post-FHE stages in the wheat developing heads as identified by iTRAQ analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was carried out through Biomart (Plants Ensemble) software, the two unrelated ontologies: biological process and molecular function were analysed. (PNG 6637 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 8
Functional categorisation of the differentially expressed proteins between Pre-FHE and Post-FHE stages in the wheat developing heads as identified by iTRAQ analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was carried out through Biomart (Plants Ensemble) software, the two unrelated ontologies: biological process and molecular function were analysed. (PNG 6637 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 9
Neighbour-joining tree based on protein profiles of the studied genotypes that infer the relationship between them. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 10
Protein network analysis of Subtilisin-like protease using String software. (PNG 6537 kb)
Supplementary Table 1
List of the differentially expressed proteins at Pre-FHE stage due to drought (DOCX 20 kb)
Supplementary Table 2
List of the differentially expressed proteins at FHE stage due to drought treatment. (DOCX 25 kb)
Supplementary Table 3
List of the differentially expressed proteins at Post-FHE stage due to drought treatment. (DOCX 19 kb)
Supplementary Table 4
List of the differentially expressed proteins between FHE and Pre-FHE. (DOCX 42 kb)
Supplementary Table 5
List of the differentially expressed proteins between FHE and Post-FHE. (XLSX 29 kb)
Supplementary Table 6
List of the differentially expressed proteins between Pre-FHE and Post-FHE. (XLSX 28 kb)
Supplementary Table 7
List of the proteins differentially expressed between DH 105 and DH 299. (XLSX 16 kb)
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Islam, S., Wang, P., Vincent, D. et al. Proteomic profiling of developing wheat heads under water-stress. Funct Integr Genomics 20, 695–710 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-020-00746-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-020-00746-9