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Gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs: hormonal regulation and chemical composition of gums

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs, focusing especially on the chemical composition of the gums. The application of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing compound, at 1% and 2% (w/w) in lanolin as well as ethylene induced gummosis in the bulbs within several days. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me, 0.1–2% in lanolin) alone had no effect on gummosis. However, simultaneous application of JA-Me and ethephon led to extreme stimulation of ethephon-induced gummosis. Ethephon-induced gummosis in the bulbs depended on the maturation stage of the bulbs, increasing from April to July, but decreasing from August to September. Regardless of the presence of JA-Me, the application of ethephon to the inflorescence axis of grape hyacinths did not induce gummosis. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed that gums were homogenous polysaccharides with an average molecular mass of ca. 8.3 kDa. Analysis of the sugar composition of the gums after hydrolysis revealed that the molar ratio of Rha:Ara:Gal:GalA:GlcA was 25:10:40:7:15. These results suggest that principal factors of gummosis as well as the chemical composition of gums differ between species of bulbous plants.

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Abbreviations

HPAEC-PAD:

High performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

JA:

Jasmonic acid

JA-Me:

Methyl jasmonate

JAs:

Jasmonates

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Prof. Takayuki Hoson and Dr. Kouichi Soga (Osaka City University) for use of the gel permeation chromatograph for the analysis of molecular mass distribution of grape hyacinth gums, and for their invaluable suggestions. This work was supported partially by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and a Special Research Grant from Osaka Prefecture University to K.M.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan

    Kensuke Miyamoto

  2. Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan

    Kensuke Miyamoto & Junichi Ueda

  3. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    Toshihisa Kotake

  4. Faculty of Science, Osaka Women’s University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan

    Makiko Sasamoto

  5. Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland

    Marian Saniewski

  6. Botanical Garden-Centre for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka 2, 02-973, Warszawa, Poland

    Marian Saniewski

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  1. Kensuke Miyamoto
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  2. Toshihisa Kotake
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Correspondence to Kensuke Miyamoto.

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This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Alicja Saniewska.

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Miyamoto, K., Kotake, T., Sasamoto, M. et al. Gummosis in grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum) bulbs: hormonal regulation and chemical composition of gums. J Plant Res 123, 363–370 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0273-1

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