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Evaluation of two invasive plant invaders in Europe (Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea) as possible sources of botanical insecticides

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Abstract

Solidago gigantea and Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae) are two invasive weeds native to North America and introduced in Europe and Asia, where they are spreading quickly threatening the stability of local secondary ecosystems. These two plant invaders may represent an ideal bioresource to be exploited for production of green pesticides. Therefore, herein we evaluated the efficacy of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from their different parts, i.e. leaves, inflorescences and roots, against Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera littoralis and Musca domestica. The essential oil composition was investigated by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. S. canadensis leaf EO was the most toxic to C. quinquefasciatus, with a LC50 of 89.3 μl L−1. The two most effective oils against M. domestica adults were S. canadensis leaf and flower EOs, with LD50 values of 206.9 and 207.1 μg adult−1, respectively. Three EOs highly toxic to S. littoralis were also identified, namely S. gigantea leaf EO, S. canadensis leaf EO and S. gigantea flower EO, with LD50 values of 84.5, 98.9 and 107.4 μg larva−1, respectively. Since the S. canadensis leaf EO was the only green product effective against all the tested insect pests, we selected it for non-target toxicity assays on Eisenia fetida earthworms, along with the leaf EO from S. gigantea. Both the S. canadensis and S. gigantea leaf EOs did not led to mortality of E. fetida adult earthworms, at variance with the positive control α-cypermethrin, allowing us to propose them for pest control purposes in IPM and organic farming.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to University of Camerino (Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca, FAR 2014/2015, FPI 000044) for financial support. Dr. R. Pavela would like to thank the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic for its financial support concerning botanical pesticide and basic substances research (Project MZE-RO0418).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli & Angelo Canale

  2. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague, Czech Republic

    Roman Pavela

  3. Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Roman Pavela

  4. EA7462 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France

    Kevin Cianfaglione

  5. School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Kevin Cianfaglione

  6. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary

    David U. Nagy

  7. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, Camerino, Italy

    Filippo Maggi

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  1. Giovanni Benelli
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  2. Roman Pavela
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  3. Kevin Cianfaglione
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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

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Benelli, G., Pavela, R., Cianfaglione, K. et al. Evaluation of two invasive plant invaders in Europe (Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea) as possible sources of botanical insecticides. J Pest Sci 92, 805–821 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-1034-5

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