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Long-term effects of salvage logging on stand composition in seminatural spruce forests

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Abstract

The tree diameter distribution was used to characterize the impact of forest disturbances and the ecosystem dynamics during the process of regeneration in the absence of any management 44 years after the event. In addition, the impact of salvage logging after windthrow remains unknown, especially on long-term responses. In this study, comparisons were made between the “unsalvaged” and “salvaged” post-storm management scenarios. The study was conducted in Slitere Natural Park in the Northwest part of Latvia, where large-scale windthrow occurred on November 2, 1969. The three-parameter Weibull function was used to describe the diameter distribution of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands formed after large-scale wind storm in two site types (on fertile mineral soils: with normal moisture regime (fresh)—Oxalidosa—and with periodic excess water (wet)—Myrtilloso-sphagnosa) and where salvage logging was or was not carried out (management scenarios). The naturally regenerated stands remained Norway spruce dominated and were independent of the post-storm management scenarios; still, they were significantly affected by a forest type. The three-parameter Weibull distribution function suited well to actual diameter distributions of the sample plots. Diameter distributions significantly differed between the forest types: In Myrtilloso-sphagnosa (wet) forest stands, it was a negative exponential and in Oxalidosa (fresh) stands unimodal and positively skewed. We did not detect distribution differences caused by salvage after a large-scale disturbance, indicating that other factors (like ecological importance of deadwood, a risk of insect outbreaks to neighboring areas, etc.) need to be considered, when deciding on the post-storm management.

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Notes

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation.

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Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to Alan Ek for comments and suggestions on the early version of the manuscript. We also thank Dr. W. Keith Moser for revising the English version.

Funding

The study was carried out within the framework of the project “Support for the Implementation of Post-doctoral Research, Agreement No. 1.1.1.2/16/I/001” funded by the European Regional Development Fund, Contract No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/120. The study was supported by the Institutional Research Funding IUT21-4 from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rīgas 111, Salaspils, 2169, Latvia

    Endijs Bāders & Āris Jansons

  2. Forests Faculty, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia

    Ilze Silamiķele

  3. Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia

    Olga Polyachenko, Andres Kiviste & Kalev Jõgiste

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  1. Endijs Bāders
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Correspondence to Endijs Bāders.

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Bāders, E., Silamiķele, I., Polyachenko, O. et al. Long-term effects of salvage logging on stand composition in seminatural spruce forests. Eur J Forest Res 139, 17–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01249-4

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