Abstract
Little is known about the potential role of selenium and silicon post drought in plants, and the physiological mechanisms involved are yet to be explored. Medicinal plant cultivation in existing crop systems is of great importance for sustainable production of active ingredients. The first step in this process is to grow the plants under natural field conditions. For this purpose, the effects of drought stress (moderate stress: 25 days without irrigation and severe stress: 40 days without irrigation) and rewatering on physiological traits and photosynthetic pigments of two forest Satureja chemotypes of “carvacrol/thymol/p-cymene” (Darkesh chemotype) and “thymol/p-cymene/carvacrol” (Pono chemotype) were assessed in two separate experiments under foliar application of two drought protectants: selenium (0, 5, and 20 mg/l) and silicon (0, 1, and 5 mM). The results showed that at least in one experiment, the proline content of Darkesh and Pono increased by 33.48 and 16.76% following water stress, respectively. A significant enhancement was observed in proline level only in the Darkesh chemotype by rewatering. In both chemotypes, the sugar content increased (by 11.59 and 27.41%) as water stress increased, respectively. On the other hand, by rewatering, a reduction in sugar content was observed only in the Pono chemotype. Ionic leakage increased in both chemotypes during the second experiment. Similar to sugar content, rewatering decreased ionic leakage only in the Pono chemotype. No clear separation was found in the response of forest savory chemotypes to foliar selenium and silicon application. However, selenium-treated plants reduced proline accumulation under drought stress. Based on the obtained results, forest savory as a drought-resistance valuable medicinal plant can be introduced into the crop system, especially in regions with low precipitation and scarce water sources.
Zusammenfassung
Über die potenzielle Rolle von Selen und Silizium bei der Bewältigung von Trockenheit in Pflanzen ist wenig bekannt, und die beteiligten physiologischen Mechanismen müssen noch erforscht werden. Der Anbau von Arzneipflanzen in den bestehenden Anbausystemen ist für die nachhaltige Produktion von Wirkstoffen von großer Bedeutung. Der erste Schritt in diesem Prozess besteht darin, die Pflanzen unter natürlichen Feldbedingungen anzubauen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Auswirkungen von Trockenstress (mäßiger Stress: 25 Tage ohne Bewässerung und schwerer Stress: 40 Tage ohne Bewässerung) und Wiederbewässerung auf physiologische Eigenschaften und photosynthetische Pigmente von 2 Wald-Satureja-Chemotypen „Carvacrol/Thymol/p-Cymol“ (Darkesh-Chemotyp) und „Thymol/p-Cymol/Carvacrol“ (Pono-Chemotyp) in 2 getrennten Versuchen unter Blattapplikation von Selen (0, 5 und 20 mg/l) und Silizium (0, 1 und 5 mM) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass zumindest in einem Versuch der Prolingehalt von Darkesh und Pono nach Wasserstress um 33,48 bzw. 16,76 % anstieg. Eine signifikante Erhöhung des Prolingehalts wurde nur beim Chemotyp „Darkesh“ durch Wiederbewässerung beobachtet. Bei beiden Chemotypen stieg der Zuckergehalt mit zunehmendem Wasserstress an (um 11,59 bzw. 27,41 %). Andererseits wurde bei Wiederbewässerung nur beim Chemotyp „Pono“ eine Verringerung des Zuckergehalts beobachtet. Der Ionenaustritt nahm bei beiden Chemotypen während des zweiten Versuchs zu. Ähnlich wie der Zuckergehalt verringerte die Wiederbewässerung den Ionenverlust nur beim Chemotyp „Pono“. Bei der Reaktion der Waldbohnenkraut-Chemotypen auf die Selen- und Siliziumbehandlung der Blätter wurde kein eindeutiger Unterschied festgestellt. Mit Selen behandelte Pflanzen reduzierten jedoch die Prolinakkumulation unter Trockenstress. Auf der Grundlage der erzielten Ergebnisse kann das Waldbohnenkraut als trockenresistente wertvolle Heilpflanze angebaut werden, insbesondere in Regionen mit geringen Niederschlägen und knappen Wasservorräten.
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This research was supported by the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, which is gratefully acknowledged.
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Ehsan Karimi performed the experiment and wrote the manuscript. Azim Ghasemnezhad designed and supervised the experiment and analyzed the data. Mansour Ghorbanpour advised the research and revised the manuscript.
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E. Karimi, A. Ghasemnezhad, and M. Ghorbanpour declare that they have no competing interests.
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Karimi, E., Ghasemnezhad, A. & Ghorbanpour, M. Selenium- and Silicon-Mediated Recovery of Satureja (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Chemotypes Subjected to Drought Stress Followed by Rewatering. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 737–757 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00654-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00654-x