Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Centrifuge modeling of multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with different row spacings

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Landslides Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The multi-row stabilizing piles have been applied in the stabilization of large-scale reservoir landslides in recent years. However, the mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics of the multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslides have rarely been investigated. This study takes the Taping landslide, a large-scale reservoir landslide in China, as a prototype. Two centrifuge tests were conducted to study the deformation and failure characteristics of the multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with two different row spacings. The result shows that the reservoir water level (RWL) drawdown operation induced the soil movement and high downslope driving force, further causing a significant increase in bending moments at the lower section of the piles, with peaking near the sliding zone; eventually, bending deformation and failure occurred more easily near the sliding zone. The downslope part of the piles can change the mechanical transmission behavior of the multi-row stabilizing piles in reservoir landslides. Small row spacing can enhance the mechanical connection between the rows of piles and raise the overall reinforcement capacity of the piles. The large row spacing weakens the mechanical connection between the rows of piles, and the mechanical states of the pile in different rows are relatively independent. As a result, the piles are easily damaged one by one from the first row to the last row, and the overall reinforcement capacity of the multi-row stabilizing piles is poor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig.  3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig.  10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Asheghi R, Hosseini SA, Saneie M, Shahri AA (2020) Updating the neural network sediment load models using different sensitivity analysis methods: a regional application. J Hydro Informatics 22(3):562–577

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashour M, Ardalan H (2012) Analysis of pile stabilized slopes based on soil–pile interaction. Comput Geotech 39:85–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broms BB (1972) Stability of flexible structures (piles and piles). General Report, Session 2, Proc. 5th ECSMFE. Madrid 2:239–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Buslov A, Margolin V (2018) The influence of the second row of piles in double-row pile retaining walls with the stabilization of landslide. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. IOP Publishing 365(5):052006

  • Fukumoto Y (1976) The behaviour of piles for preventing landslide. Soils Found 16(2):91–103 (In Japanese)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiadis M, Anagnostopoulos C, Saflekou S (1992) Centrifugal testing of laterally loaded piles in sand. Can Geotech J 29(2):208–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaderi A, Shahri AA, Larsson S (2022) A visualized hybrid intelligent model to delineate Swedish fine-grained soil layers using clay sensitivity. CATENA 214:106289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong W, Tang H, Wang H, Wang X, Juang CH (2019) Probabilistic analysis and design of stabilizing piles in slope considering stratigraphic uncertainty. Eng Geol 259:105162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He C, Hu X, Liu D, Xu C, Wu S, Wang X, Zhang H (2020) Model tests of the evolutionary process and failure mechanism of a pile-reinforced landslide under two different reservoir conditions. Eng Geol 277:105811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Liu D, Niu L, Liu C, Wang X, Fu R (2021) Development of soil–pile interactions and failure mechanisms in a pile-reinforced landslide. Eng Geol 294:106389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Zhou C, Xu C, Liu D, Wu S, Li L (2019) Model tests of the response of landslide-stabilizing piles to piles with different stiffness. Landslides 16(11):2187–2200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Xu X, Liu J, Mao W (2020) Centrifuge modeling of seismic response and failure mode of a slope reinforced by a pile-anchor structure. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 131:106037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang ZY (2014) Research on the arch effect between anti-sliding piles and pile-slab earth pressure. Chongqing University (In Chinese)

  • Iai S, Tobita T, Nakahara T (2005) Generalised scaling relations for dynamic centrifuge tests. Geotechnique 55(5):355–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito T, Matsui T, Hong WP (1981) Design method for stabilizing piles against landslide—one row of piles. Soils Found 21(1):21–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito T, Matsui T, Hong WP (1982) Extended design method for multi-row stabilizing piles against landslide. Soils Found 22(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong S, Kim B, Won J, Lee J (2003) Uncoupled analysis of stabilizing piles in weathered slopes. Comput Geotech 30(8):671–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juang CH (2021) BFTS-Engineering geologists’ field station to study reservoir landslides. Eng Geol 284:106038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahyaoğlu MR, Onal O, Imançlı G, Ozden G, Kayalar AŞ (2012) Soil arching and load transfer mechanism for slope stabilized with piles. J Civ Eng Manag 18(5):701–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kourkoulis R, Gelagoti F, Anastasopoulos I, Gazetas G (2011) Slope stabilizing piles and pile-groups: parametric study and design insights. J Geotech Geoenvironmental Eng 137(7):663–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Criss RE, Fu Z, Long J, Tan Q (2021) Evolution characteristics and displacement forecasting model of landslides with stair-step sliding surface along the Xiangxi River, three Gorges Reservoir region. China Eng Geol 283:105961

  • Lirer S (2012) Landslide stabilizing piles: experimental evidences and numerical interpretation. Eng Geol 149:70–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Hu X, Zhou C, Xu C, He C, Zhang H, Wang Q (2020a) Deformation mechanisms and evolution of a pile-reinforced landslide under long-term reservoir operation. Eng Geol 275:105747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Luo F, Zhang G (2020) Centrifuge model tests on pile-reinforced slopes subjected to drawdown. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12(6):1290–1300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malvick EJ, Kutter BL, Boulanger RW (2008) Postshaking shear strain localization in a centrifuge model of a saturated sand slope. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 134(2):164–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin GR, Chen CY (2005) Response of piles due to lateral slope movement. Comput Struct 83(8–9):588–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poulos HG (1995) Design of reinforcing piles to increase slope stability. Can Geotech J 32(5):808–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu HF, Fu SJ (2014) Study on load-bearing mechanism of stabilizing pile-groups by FEM and its application. Appl Mech Mater 638:656–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahri AA, Shan C, Larsson S (2021) Spatial distribution modeling of subsurface bedrock using a developed automated intelligence deep learning procedure: a case study in Sweden. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 13(6):1300–1310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen YJ, Lü Q, Shang YQ (2008) Effect of pile row distance on internal stress of double-row anti-slide piles. Chin J Geotech Eng 30(7): 1033–1037 (In Chinese)

  • Shen YJ, Sun HY, Shang YQ (2012) Distribution of landslide thrust on cantilever double-row anti-sliding piles. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 31: 2668–2673 (In Chinese)

  • Smethurst JA, Powrie W (2007) Monitoring and analysis of the bending behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a railway embankment. Geotechnique 57(8):663–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smethurst JA, Bicocchi N, Powrie W, O’Brien AS (2020) Behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a tree-covered railway embankment. Géotechnique 70(9):774–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song YS, Hong WP, Woo KS (2012) Behavior and analysis of stabilizing piles installed in a cut slope during heavy rainfall. Eng Geol 129:56–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song K, Wang F, Yi Q, Lu S (2018) Landslide deformation behavior influenced by water level fluctuations of the Three Gorges Reservoir (China). Eng Geol 247:58–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H, Fujii N, Sassa S (2020) Centrifuge model tests of earthquake-induced submarine landslide. Int J Phys Model Geotech 20(4):254–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Take WA, Bolton MD, Wong PC, Yeung FJ (2004) Evaluation of landslide triggering mechanisms in model fill slopes. Landslides 1(3):173–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang HM, Wasowski J, Juang CH (2019) Geohazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China–lessons learned from decades of research. Eng Geol 105267

  • Wang LP, Zhang G (2014) Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions. Landslides 11:213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Gui Z, Meng Q (2021) Experiment study of vibration isolation by multi-rows of piles. In IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 634(1): 012070

  • Weng MC, Chen TC, Tsai SJ (2017) Modeling scale effects on consequent slope deformation by centrifuge model tests and the discrete element method. Landslides 14:9813–9993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao SG (2020) Comparison between landslide thrust force on double-row and single-row stabilizing piles. Jpn Geotech Soc Spec Publ 8(7):256–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao SG, Zeng JX, Yan YP (2017) A rational layout of double-row stabilizing piles for large-scale landslide control. Bull Eng Geol Env 76(1):309–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan JK, Men YM (2012) Model tests based design method of micropiles for landslide reinforcement. J Eng Geol 20(3):355–361. (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ye JB, Xie Q, Zhao XB, Zhao YR (2014) Soil arching effect of double-row piles: laboratory test and numerical interpretation. Electron J Geotech Eng 19:511–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin YP, Huang BL, Wang WP, Wei YJ, Ma X, Ma F, Zhao C (2016) Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River, China. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 8(5):577–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YP, Zhang CY, Yan H (2021) Research on seepage stability and prevention design of landslide during impoundment operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Chin J Rock Mech Eng. (In Chinese)

  • Zhang C, Yin Y, Yan H, Li H, Dai Z, Zhang N (2021) Reactivation characteristics and hydrological inducing factors of a massive ancient landslide in the three Gorges Reservoir. China Eng Geol 292:106273

  • Zhang H, Li C, Hu X, Fu Z, Chen W, Yao W, Jiang X (2021b) Deformation response and triggering factors of the reservoir landslide–pile system based upon geographic detector technology and uncertainty of monitoring data. Stoch Env Res Risk Assess 35(7):1481–1498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Hu X, Tannant DD, Zhang G, Tan F (2018) Field monitoring and deformation characteristics of a landslide with piles in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Landslides 15(3):581–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong Z, Yong R, Tang H, Li C, Du S (2021) Experimental studies on the interaction mechanism of landslide stabilizing piles and sandwich-type bedrock. Landslides 18(4):1369–1386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H, Xu H, Yang P, Zheng G, Liu X, Zhang W, Yu X (2021) Centrifuge and numerical modelling of the seismic response of tunnels in two-layered soils. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 113:103980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou YG, Meng D, Ma Q, Huang B, Ling DS, Chen YM (2019) Centrifuge modeling of dynamic response of high fill slope by using generalized scaling law. Eng Geol 260:105213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu B, Wen K, Li T, Wang L, Kong D (2019) Experimental study on lateral pile–soil interaction of offshore tetrapod piled jacket foundations in sand. Can Geotech J 56(11):1680–1689

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The research was supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program (ID: 2021YFC3000404), China Geological Survey project (ID: DD20190637/DD20221748), Chongqing Natural Science Key program (ID: cstc2020jcyj-zdxmX0019).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Chenyang Zhang & Yuting Yang

  2. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Chenyang Zhang

  3. China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yueping Yin & Sainan Zhu

  4. Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, China

    Bo Li

  5. Chongqing 107 Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400700, China

    Hui Yan & Xuefeng Hou

Authors
  1. Chenyang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yueping Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sainan Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bo Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xuefeng Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yuting Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yueping Yin.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, C., Yin, Y., Yan, H. et al. Centrifuge modeling of multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with different row spacings. Landslides 20, 559–577 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01994-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01994-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation