Abstract
Food loss and waste (FLW) is a growing global problem throughout the world. The rapid increase in food waste and deficiencies in treatment processes have led to greater harm to the environment. A circular food supply chain (FSC) is now an essential means of encouraging circular economy. Proper food waste treatment and recycling operations can not only benefit the environment, but these wastes can also be used as raw material for production in a circular economy. In this study, a circular food supply chain network model is designed to reduce the food waste generated in the circular food supply chain systems of municipalities. Then, a mixed-integer linear programming model is generated to model the proposed circular food supply chain network model. The MILP model is a network model aimed at reducing the food waste generated. To do so, two objectives are considered: the overall cost of the network is minimized and the amount of distributed food waste from the generation nodes to the end nodes is maximized. Due to the bi-objective nature of the proposed mathematical model, the Improved Augmented Epsilon Constraint method (AUGMECON2) is implemented to solve the problem optimally. To illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model, two real-life case studies were carried out in Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed model is beneficial for both small and large municipalities since it provides the Pareto-optimal set where the total amount of distributed food waste is maximized and the total cost is minimized.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
All test problem data and their solutions are provided as an online supplement at https://okabadurmus.yasar.edu.tr/research/circularfoodwaste/.
References
Ahumada, O., & Villalobos, J. R. (2009). A tactical model for planning the production and distribution of fresh produce. Annals of Operations Research, 190(1), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10479-009-0614-4
An, K., & Ouyang, Y. (2016). Robust grain supply chain design considering post-harvest loss and harvest timing equilibrium. Transportation Research Part e: Logistics and Transportation Review, 88, 110–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRE.2016.01.009
Annosi, M. C., Brunetta, F., Bimbo, F., & Kostoula, M. (2021). Digitalization within food supply chains to prevent food waste. Drivers, barriers and collaboration practices. Industrial Marketing Management, 93, 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDMARMAN.2021.01.005
Banasik, A., Kanellopoulos, A., Claassen, G. D. H., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M., & van der Vorst, J. G. A. J. (2017). Assessing alternative production options for eco-efficient food supply chains using multi-objective optimization. Annals of Operations Research, 250(2), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10479-016-2199-Z
Baratsas, S. G., Pistikopoulos, E. N., & Avraamidou, S. (2021). A systems engineering framework for the optimization of food supply chains under circular economy considerations. Science of the Total Environment, 794, 148726. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.148726
Batista, L., Dora, M., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & Kumar, V. (2021). Improving the sustainability of food supply chains through circular economy practices – a qualitative mapping approach. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(4), 752–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-09-2020-0211/FULL/PDF
Beullens, P., & Ghiami, Y. (2021). Waste reduction in the supply chain of a deteriorating food item—impact of supply structure on retailer performance. European Journal of Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOR.2021.09.015
Bieber, N., Ker, J. H., Wang, X., Triantafyllidis, C., van Dam, K. H., Koppelaar, R. H. E. M., & Shah, N. (2018). Sustainable planning of the energy-water-food nexus using decision making tools. Energy Policy, 113, 584–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2017.11.037
Bottani, E., Mannino, F., Vignali, G., & Montanari, R. (2018). A routing and location model for food waste recovery in the retail and distribution phase. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 21(6), 557–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2018.1458826
Bottani, E., Vignali, G., Mosna, D., & Montanari, R. (2019). Economic and environmental assessment of different reverse logistics scenarios for food waste recovery. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2019.07.007
Brulard, N., Cung, V.-D., Catusse, N., & Dutrieux, C. (2018). An integrated sizing and planning problem in designing diverse vegetable farming systems. International Journal of Production Research, 57(4), 1018–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1498985
COMCEC. (2017). Reducing Food Waste in the OIC Countries, Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. COMCEC Coordination Office. Retrieved from www.comcec.org
Deb, K. (2001). Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms (Vol 16). New York: Wiley.
Derqui, B., Grimaldi, D., & Fernandez, V. (2020). Building and managing sustainable schools: The case of food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118533. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.118533
Despoudi, S., Sivarajah, U., & Dora, M. (2021). From linear to circular food supply chains: Achieving sustainable change. Berlin: Springer.
Dora, M., Wesana, J., Gellynck, X., Seth, N., Dey, B., & De Steur, H. (2020). Importance of sustainable operations in food loss: Evidence from the Belgian food processing industry. Annals of Operations Research, 290(1), 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10479-019-03134-0
Duarte, A. E., Sarache, W. A., & Cardona, C. A. (2012). Cost analysis of the location of Colombian Biofuels Plants. Dyna, 79 (176), 71–80. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0012-73532012000600009
Entrup, M. L., Günther, H.-O., Van Beek, P., Grunow, M., & Seiler, T. (2007). Mixed-Integer Linear Programming approaches to shelf-life-integrated planning and scheduling in yoghurt production. International Journal of Production Research, 43(23), 5071–5100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500161068
Fakhrzad, M. B., & Goodarzian, F. (2021). A new multi-objective mathematical model for a Citrus supply chain network design: Metaheuristic algorithms. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 14(2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.22094/JOIE.2020.570636.1571
Fancello, G., Mola, F., Frigau, L., Serra, P., Mancini, S., & Fadda, P. (2017). A new management scheme to support reverse logistics processes in the agrifood distribution sector. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 695–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRPRO.2017.05.452
FAO. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste - Extent, Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from www.fao.org/docrep/014/mb060e/mb060e.pdf
FAO. (2013). Food Wastage Footprint - Impacts on Natural Resources – Summary report. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/sustainable-food-value-chains/library/details/en/c/266219/
Farooque, M., Zhang, A., & Liu, Y. (2019). Barriers to circular food supply chains in China. Supply Chain Management, 24(5), 677–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-10-2018-0345/FULL/PDF
Fikar, C. (2018). A decision support system to investigate food losses in e-grocery deliveries. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 117, 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CIE.2018.02.014
Fragoso, R., & Figueira, J. R. (2021). Sustainable supply chain network design: An application to the wine industry in Southern Portugal. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(6), 1236–1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1718015
Gao, A., Tian, Z., Wang, Z., Wennersten, R., & Sun, Q. (2017). Comparison between the technologies for food waste treatment. Energy Procedia, 105, 3915–3921. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.03.811
Girotto, F., Alibardi, L., & Cossu, R. (2015). Food waste generation and industrial uses: A review. Waste Management, 45, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2015.06.008
Hansen, D. (2019). Reverse logistics of food waste. Master’s thesis, Høgskolen i Molde—Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk.
Janssen, L., Sauer, J., Claus, T., & Nehls, U. (2018). Development and simulation analysis of a new perishable inventory model with a closing days constraint under non-stationary stochastic demand. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 118, 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CIE.2018.02.016
Jouzdani, J., & Govindan, K. (2021). On the sustainable perishable food supply chain network design: A dairy products case to achieve sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123060. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.123060
Ju, M., Osako, M., & Harashina, S. (2017). Food loss rate in food supply chain using material flow analysis. Waste Management, 61, 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2017.01.021
Jurgilevich, A., Birge, T., Kentala-Lehtonen, J., Korhonen-Kurki, K., Pietikäinen, J., Saikku, L., & Schösler, H. (2016). Transition towards circular economy in the food system. Sustainability, 8(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU8010069
Karwowska, M., Łaba, S., & Szczepański, K. (2021). Food loss and waste in meat sector—Why the consumption stage generates the most losses? Sustainability, 13(11), 6227. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13116227
Katare, B., Serebrennikov, D., Wang, H. H., & Wetzstein, M. (2017). Social-optimal household food waste: Taxes and government incentives. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 99(2), 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJAE/AAW114
Kazancoglu, Y., Ozbiltekin Pala, M., Sezer, M. D., Luthra, S., & Kumar, A. (2021). Drivers of implementing Big Data Analytics in food supply chains for transition to a circular economy and sustainable operations management. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-12-2020-0521
Kim, H., Kang, J. G., & Kim, W. (2014). An application of capacitated vehicle routing problem to reverse logistics of disposed food waste. International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 21(1), 46–52.
Kılıç, M. Y., & Kılıç, İ. (2017). Determination of the potentials of vegetable waste oils in Bursa Region. Gaziosmanpașa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, 158–163.
Koh, S. C. L., Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Barratt, P., Rana, N., Kuylenstierna, J., & Gibbs, D. (2013). Decarbonising product supply chains: Design and development of an integrated evidence-based decision support system—The supply chain environmental analysis tool (SCEnAT). International Journal of Production Research, 51(7), 2092–2109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.705042
Lavelli, V. (2021). Circular food supply chains—Impact on value addition and safety. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 114, 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2021.06.008
Lee, D., Sönmez, E., Gómez, M. I., & Fan, X. (2017). Combining two wrongs to make two rights: Mitigating food insecurity and food waste through gleaning operations. Food Policy, 68, 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODPOL.2016.12.004
Levis, J. W., Barlaz, M. A., Themelis, N. J., & Ulloa, P. (2010). Assessment of the state of food waste treatment in the United States and Canada. Waste Management, 30(8–9), 1486–1494. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2010.01.031
Li, Q., Yu, P., & Wu, X. (2017). shelf life extending packaging, inventory control and grocery retailing. Production and Operations Management, 26(7), 1369–1382. https://doi.org/10.1111/POMS.12692
Liotta, G., Stecca, G., & Kaihara, T. (2015). Optimisation of freight flows and sourcing in sustainable production and transportation networks. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPE.2014.12.016
Luo, N., Olsen, T. L., & Liu, Y. (2021). A conceptual framework to analyze food loss and waste within food supply chains: An operations management perspective. Sustainability, 13(2), 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13020927
Mandal, J., Mitra, R., Gupta, V. K., Subramanian, N., Kayikci, Y., & Tiwari, M. K. (2021). Optimal allocation of near-expiry food in a retailer-foodbank supply network with economic and environmental considerations: An aggregator’s perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128481. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128481
Martin-Rios, C., Demen-Meier, C., Gössling, S., & Cornuz, C. (2018). Food waste management innovations in the foodservice industry. Waste Management, 79, 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2018.07.033
Mavrotas, G. (2009). Effective implementation of the ε-constraint method in Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 213(2), 455–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMC.2009.03.037
Mavrotas, G., & Florios, K. (2013). An improved version of the augmented ε-constraint method (AUGMECON2) for finding the exact pareto set in multi-objective integer programming problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 219(18), 9652–9669. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMC.2013.03.002
Melikoglu, M., Lin, C. S. K., & Webb, C. (2013). Analysing global food waste problem: Pinpointing the facts and estimating the energy content. Central European Journal of Engineering, 3(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.2478/S13531-012-0058-5
Mogale, D. G., Cheikhrouhou, N., & Tiwari, M. K. (2020). Modelling of sustainable food grain supply chain distribution system: A bi-objective approach. International Journal of Production Research, 58(18), 5521–5544. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1669840
Mogale, D. G., Krishna Kumar, S., & Kumar Tiwari, M. (2020). Green food supply chain design considering risk and post-harvest losses: A case study. Annals of Operations Research, 295, 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03664-y
Nasir, M. H. A., Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Koh, S. C. L., & Yamoah, F. (2017). Comparing linear and circular supply chains: A case study from the construction industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 183, 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPE.2016.06.008
Nicastro, R., & Carillo, P. (2021). Food loss and waste prevention strategies from farm to fork. Sustainability, 13(10), 5443. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13105443
Orgut, I. S., Ivy, J., Uzsoy, R., & Wilson, J. R. (2015). Modeling for the equitable and effective distribution of donated food under capacity constraints. IIE Transactions, 48(3), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/0740817X.2015.1063792
Pitchford, J. (2021). Food waste in the United States. Indianapolis: Butler University Llibraries.
Pradenas, L., Fuentes, M., & Parada, V. (2020). Optimizing waste storage areas in health care centers. Annals of Operations Research, 295(1), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10479-020-03713-6/FIGURES/2
Principato, L., Ruini, L., Guidi, M., & Secondi, L. (2019). Adopting the circular economy approach on food loss and waste: The case of Italian pasta production. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 144, 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2019.01.025
Ribeiro, A. P., Rok, J., Harmsen, R., Carreón, J. R., & Worrell, E. (2019). Food waste in an alternative food network—a case-study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 149, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2019.05.029
Ribul, M., Lanot, A., Tommencioni-Pisapia, C., Purnell, P., McQueen-Mason, S. J., & Baurley, S. (2021). Mechanical, chemical, biological: Moving towards closed-loop bio-based recycling in a circular economy of sustainable textiles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 326, 129325. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.129325
Rizos, V., Tuokko, K., & Behrens, A. (2017). The Circular Economy – CEPS A review of definitions, processes and impacts. Retrieved March 20, 2020, from https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/circular-economy-review-definitions-processes-and-impacts/
Sahebjamnia, N., Goodarzian, F., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2020). Optimization of multi-period three-echelon citrus supply chain problem. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 13(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.22094/JOIE.2017.728.1463
Scalvedi, M. L., & Rossi, L. (2021). Comprehensive measurement of italian domestic food waste in a european framework. Sustainability, 13(3), 1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13031492
Secondi, L., Principato, L., Ruini, L., & Guidi, M. (2019). Reusing food waste in food manufacturing companies: the case of the tomato-sauce supply chain. Sustainability, 11(7), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11072154
Shaw, P. J., Smith, M. M., & Williams, I. D. (2018). On the prevention of avoidable food waste from domestic households. Recycling, 3(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/RECYCLING3020024
Sridhar, A., Kapoor, A., Senthil Kumar, P., Ponnuchamy, M., Balasubramanian, S., & Prabhakar, S. (2021). Conversion of food waste to energy: A focus on sustainability and life cycle assessment. Fuel, 302, 121069. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.121069
Storup, K., Mattfolk, K., Voinea, D., Jakobsen, B., Bain, M., Reverté Casas, M., & Oliveira, P. (2016). Combating food waste: An opportunity for the EU to improve the resource-efficiency of the food supply chain. Eur. Court. Audit. Spec. Ed, 34, 6–7.
Sulis, F., Agostinho, F., Almeida, C. M. V. B., & Giannetti, B. F. (2021). Recognizing the wealth of non-marketable food in distribution centres: The environmental benefits of donation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, 128482. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128482
Tan, S. T., Lee, C. T., Hashim, H., Ho, W. S., & Lim, J. S. (2014). Optimal process network for municipal solid waste management in Iskandar Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 71, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2013.12.005
Teller, C., Holweg, C., Reiner, G., & Kotzab, H. (2018). Retail store operations and food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 981–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.02.280
Thyberg, K. L., & Tonjes, D. J. (2016). Drivers of food waste and their implications for sustainable policy development. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 106, 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2015.11.016
Turkey, O. G. of. (2010). Regulation on Regular Collection of Waste. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/03/20100326-13.htm
Unger, N., & Razza, F. (2018). Food waste management (sector) in a circular economy. In Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies (pp. 127–132). Springer, Cham.
Unuofin, J. O., Aladekoyi, O. J., & Odeniyi, O. A. (2021). Food Wastes: Perceptions, Impacts and Management. In Emerging Treatment Technologies for Waste Management (pp. 175–196). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2015-7_8
Validi, S., Bhattacharya, A., & Byrne, P. J. (2014). A case analysis of a sustainable food supply chain distribution system—A multi-objective approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 152, 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPE.2014.02.003
Validi, S., Bhattacharya, A., & Byrne, P. J. (2020). Sustainable distribution system design: A two-phase DoE-guided meta-heuristic solution approach for a three-echelon bi-objective AHP-integrated location-routing model. Annals of Operations Research, 290(1), 191–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10479-018-2887-Y
Van Engeland, J., Beliën, J., De Boeck, L., & De Jaeger, S. (2020). Literature review: Strategic network optimization models in waste reverse supply chains. Omega, 91, 102012. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OMEGA.2018.12.001
Vizzoto, F., Tessitore, S., Iraldo, F., & Testa, F. (2020). Passively concerned: Horeca managers’ recognition of the importance of food waste hardly leads to the adoption of more strategies to reduce it. Waste Management, 107, 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2020.04.010
Wen, Z., Hu, S., De Clercq, D., Beck, M. B., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., & Liu, J. (2018). Design, implementation, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) network system for restaurant food waste management. Waste Management, 73, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2017.11.054
Wenzel, E. (2019). A circular city remains a destination of the future, but many are traveling there. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.greenbiz.com/article/circular-city-remains-destination-future-many-are-traveling-there
Widodo, K. H., Nagasawa, H., Morizawa, K., & Ota, M. (2006). A periodical flowering–harvesting model for delivering agricultural fresh products. European Journal of Operational Research, 170(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOR.2004.05.024
World Bank (2020). Doing Business 2020: Comparing business regulation in 190 economies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1440-2
WWF. (2018). Mediterranean Plastic Report. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://www.wwf.org.tr/?7800/wwf-akdeniz-plastik-raporunu-yayimladi-akdenize-en-cok-plastik-turkiyeden
Zhang, W., & Reimann, M. (2014). A simple augmented ∊-constraint method for multi-objective mathematical integer programming problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 234(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOR.2013.09.001
Zhang, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2017). Robust optimization on sustainable biodiesel supply chain produced from waste cooking oil under price uncertainty. Waste Management, 60, 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2016.11.004
Acknowledgements
Clemson University is acknowledged for generous allotment of computing time on the Palmetto cluster.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kabadurmus, O., Kazançoğlu, Y., Yüksel, D. et al. A circular food supply chain network model to reduce food waste. Ann Oper Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04728-x
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04728-x