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The effects of landscape history and time-lags on plant invasion in Mediterranean coastal habitats

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Abstract

Human-driven landscape changes may promote plant invasions by increasing propagule pressure and providing favourable conditions for non-native species to establish and spread. The increase in invasion levels might not be immediate but rather exhibit a time-lag (i.e. invasion debt). Moreover, the relationship between invasion and landscape history (i.e. changes in landscape composition) might be extremely complex as it might also include extinction debts of invasive species currently in regression. In order to understand the effect of landscape history on plant invasion, we studied the invasion level in coastal plant communities affected by intense human-driven landscape alteration in the last 50 years. We identified all non-native plant species within 809 grid cells (250 × 250 m) along ~500 km of the Spanish SW coast. We tested the association of (1) non-native richness conditional on the overall presence of non-natives (at least one species), and (2) the occurrence of the most frequent non-native species, with the percentage of human land-cover categories in 1956, 1991 and 2007 using a multimodel inference approach. We used these models to project future invasion patterns in the region. We found non-native richness to be more associated with land-cover variables in 1956 than in 2007, suggesting the existence of an invasion debt, but not for the overall presence of non-natives. For most frequent species, the effects of past landscape alteration depended on the introduction pathway and the region of origin. Species used in agriculture were more related to past cropland area, while most of the species used in gardening or forestry showed higher affinity for recently altered areas. These results highlight the relevance of the species’ introduction history and landscape history in assessing future long-term invasion trends.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. P. González-Varo, E. Revilla, R. Early, N. Roura-Pascual, and two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments on the manuscript. We also thank E. Manzano and J.L. Espinar for their contribution during field work. This research was partially funded by the Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación projects Consolider-Ingenio MONTES (CSD2008-00040), RIXFUTUR (CGL2009-7515), and IMPLANTIN (CGL 2015-65346-R), and the Junta de Andalucía projects RNM-4031 and P06/RNM/02030.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Seville, Spain

    Pablo González-Moreno & Montserrat Vilà

  2. CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, UK

    Pablo González-Moreno

  3. CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

    Joan Pino

  4. Univ Autònoma Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

    Joan Pino

  5. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Cc. del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain

    Andrés Cózar

  6. Agencia Andaluza de Medio Ambiente y Agua, C/Johan G. Gutenberg, 41092, Seville, Spain

    Juan García-de-Lomas

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  1. Pablo González-Moreno
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Correspondence to Pablo González-Moreno.

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González-Moreno, P., Pino, J., Cózar, A. et al. The effects of landscape history and time-lags on plant invasion in Mediterranean coastal habitats. Biol Invasions 19, 549–561 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1314-z

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