Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we employ bibliometric analysis to empirically analyse the research on social entrepreneurship published between 1996 and 2017. By employing methods of citation analysis, document co-citation analysis, and social network analysis, we analyse 1296 papers containing 74,237 cited references and uncover the structure, or intellectual base, of research on social entrepreneurship. We identify nine distinct clusters of social entrepreneurship research that depict the intellectual structure of the field. The results provide an overall perspective of the social entrepreneurship field, identifying its influential works and analysing scholarly communication between these works. The results further aid in clarifying the overall centrality features of the social entrepreneurship research network. We also examine the integration of ethics into social entrepreneurship literature. We conclude with a discussion on the structure and evolution of the social entrepreneurship field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. For this article, the methodology used is document co-citation analysis. Hence, all subsequent mentions of co‑citation analysis in this article refer to document co-citation.

  2. There is no methodological guide available in the literature regarding choosing the threshold point for the number of documents to be analyzed (Eom 2009). This choice depends on the generation of a co-citation matrix that is suited for statistical treatment or graphical illustration. The same argument is expressed in other papers on bibliometric analysis, such as García-Lillo et al. (2017a, p. 1806) and Schildt et al. (2006, p. 401). Few papers have determined the threshold point based on the “stress” values obtained from the multi-dimensional scaling method (e.g. Pilkington and Meredith 2009; Ramos-Rodríguez and Ruiz-Navarro 2004). If the stress value is below a specific value, it can be considered a good fit. Kruskal (1964) recommends interpreting stress values as follows: 0 = perfect; 0.025 = excellent; 0.05 = good; 0.1 = fair; 0.2 = poor. In our case, for a threshold value of 30, we received a stress value of 0.05588, which indicates a good fit.

  3. For space constraints, we do not discuss each of the clusters emerging in the periods of 2006–2011 and 2012–2017.

  4. List of core documents identified through social network analysis: Alvord et al. (2004), Austin et al. (2006), Bacq and Janssen (2011), Battilana and Dorado (2010), Bornstein (2007), Chell (2007), Corner and Ho (2010), Dacin et al. (2010), Dacin et al. (2011), Dart (2004), Dees (1998a, b), Di Domenico et al. (2010), Dorado (2006), Drayton (2002), Eisenhardt (1989), Haugh (2007), Leadbeater (1997), Mair and Marti (2006), Mair and Marti (2009), Martin and Osberg (2007), Nicholls (2006), Nicholls (2010), Peredo and McLean (2006), Santos (2012), Seelos and Mair (2005), Shane and Venkatraman (2000), Sharir and Lerner (2006), Shaw and Carter (2007), Short et al. (2009), Thompson (2002), Thompson et al. (2000), Townsend and Hart (2008), Tracey et al. (2011), Weerawardena and Mort (2006), Yin (1994), Zahra et al. (2009).

References

  • Acedo, F. J., Barroso, C., & Galan, J. L. (2006). The resource-based theory: Dissemination and main trends. Strategic Management Journal, 27(7), 621–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alter, K. (2007). Social enterprise typology. Virtue Ventures LLC, 12, 1–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 260–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amin, A., Cameron, A., & Hudson, R. (2003). Placing the social economy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • André, K., & Pache, A. C. (2016). From caring entrepreneur to caring enterprise: Addressing the ethical challenges of scaling up social enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 659–675.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacq, S., & Janssen, F. (2011). The multiple faces of social entrepreneurship: A review of definitional issues based on geographical and thematic criteria. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(5–6), 373–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1419–1440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battilana, J., & Lee, M. (2014). Advancing research on hybrid organizing–Insights from the study of social enterprises. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 397–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battilana, J., Lee, M., Walker, J., & Dorsey, C. (2012). In search of the hybrid ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 10(3), 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgatti, S. P. (2002). NetDraw: Graph visualization software. Harvard: Analytic Technologies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). Ucinet for Windows: Software for social network analysis.

  • Bornstein, D. (2007). How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borzaga, C., & Defourny, J. (Eds.). (2004). The emergence of social enterprise (Vol. 4). London: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bull, M., & Ridley-Duff, R. (2018). Towards an appreciation of ethics in social enterprise business models. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–16.

  • Calabretta, G., Durisin, B., & Ogliengo, M. (2011). Uncovering the intellectual structure of research in business ethics: A journey through the history, the classics, and the pillars of Journal of Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(4), 499–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Case, D. O., & Higgins, G. M. (2000). How can we investigate citation behavior? A study of reasons for citing literature in communication. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(7), 635–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casillas, J., & Acedo, F. (2007). Evolution of the intellectual structure of family business literature: A bibliometric study of FBR. Family Business Review, 20(2), 141–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Certo, S. T., & Miller, T. (2008). Social entrepreneurship: Key issues and concepts. Business Horizons, 51(4), 267–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand, V. S., & Misra, S. (2009). Teachers as educational-social entrepreneurs: The innovation-social entrepreneurship spiral. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 219–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chell, E. (2007). Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process. International Small Business Journal, 25(1), 5–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chell, E., Nicolopoulou, K., & Karataş-Özkan, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship and enterprise: International and innovation perspectives.

  • Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical? Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, N., & Majumdar, S. (2014). Social entrepreneurship as an essentially contested concept: Opening a new avenue for systematic future research. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(3), 363–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, M. J., & Honig, B. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: New research findings. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, J. R., & Cole, S. (1974). Social stratification in science. American Journal of Physics, 42(10), 923–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornelius, N., Todres, M., Janjuha-Jivraj, S., Woods, A., & Wallace, J. (2008). Corporate social responsibility and the social enterprise. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 355–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner, P. D., & Ho, M. (2010). How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 635–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, R., & Cummings, J. N. (2004). Tie and network correlates of individual performance in knowledge-intensive work. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 928–937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culnan, M. J. (1986). The intellectual development of management information systems, 1972–1982: A co-citation analysis. Management Science, 32(2), 156–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Culnan, M. J. (1987). Mapping the intellectual structure of MIS, 1980–1985: A co-citation analysis. Mis Quarterly, 341–353.

  • Culnan, M. J., O’Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1990). Intellectual structure of research in organizational behavior, 1972–1984: A cocitation analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 41(6), 453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Tracey, P. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: A critique and future directions. Organization Science, 22(5), 1203–1213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dart, R. (2004). The legitimacy of social enterprise. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 14(4), 411–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debicki, B. J., Matherne, I. I. I., Kellermanns, C. F., F. W., & Chrisman, J. J. (2009). Family business research in the new millennium: An overview of the who, the where, the what, and the why. Family Business Review, 22(2), 151–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Solla Price, D. J., (1963). Little science, big science. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees, G. (1998a). The meaning of ‘social entrepreneurship’, kauffman centre for entrepreneurial leadership (online) http://www.caseatduke.org/ documents/dees_sedef.pdf.

  • Dees, J. G. (1998b). Enterprising nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, 76, 54–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J. G. (2001). The meaning of social entrepreneurship revisited. Working Paper. Stanford: Stanford University Graduate School of Business. [Online]. http://www.fuqua.duke.edu/centers/case/documents/dees_SE.pdf.

  • Dees, J. G. (2007). Taking social entrepreneurship seriously. Society, 44(3), 24–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J. G., Emerson, J., & Economy, P. (2002). Enterprising nonprofits: A toolkit for social entrepreneurs (Vol. 186). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2008). Social enterprise in Europe: recent trends and developments. Social Enterprise Journal, 4(3), 202–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2010). Conceptions of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and divergences. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 32–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2010). The politics of narrating social entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 4(1), 85–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2016). Rethinking the space of ethics in social entrepreneurship: Power, subjectivity, and practices of freedom. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 627–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Domenico, M., Haugh, H., & Tracey, P. (2010). Social bricolage: Theorizing social value creation in social enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 681–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Collective rationality and institutional isomorphism in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorado, S. (2006). Social entrepreneurial ventures: different values so different process of creation no?. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(04), 319–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drayton, W. (2002). The citizen sector: Becoming as entrepreneurial and competitive as business. California Management Review, 44(3), 120–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eikenberry, A. M., & Kluver, J. D. (2004). The marketization of the nonprofit sector: civil society at risk? Public Administration Review, 64(2), 132–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, J. (2003). The blended value proposition: Integrating social and financial returns. California Management Review, 45(4), 35–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, J., & Twersky, F. (Eds.)., (1996). New social entrepreneurs: The success, challenge and lessons of non-profit enterprise creation. The Homeless Economic Fund, the Roberts Foundation.

  • Eom, S. (2009). An introduction to bibliometrics and informetrics. In Author cocitation analysis: Quantitative methods for mapping the intellectual structure of an academic discipline (pp. 1–35). IGI Global.

  • Etemad, H., & Lee, Y. (2003). The knowledge network of international entrepreneurship: Theory and evidence. Small Business Economics, 20(1), 5–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Alles, M., & Ramos-Rodríguez, A. (2009). Intellectual structure of human resources management research: A bibliometric analysis of the journal Human Resource Management, 1985–2005. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 60(1), 161–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, M. P., Santos, J. C., de Almeida, M. I. R., & Reis, N. R. (2014). Mergers & acquisitions research: A bibliometric study of top strategy and international business journals, 1980–2010. Journal of Business Research, 67(12), 2550–2558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, W., & Bradach, J. (2005). Should nonprofits seek profits. Harvard Business Review, 83(2), 92–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history: Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation? Third World Quarterly, 21(4), 637–654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach (p. 46). Boston: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galera, G., & Borzaga, C. (2009). Social enterprise: An international overview of its conceptual evolution and legal implementation. Social Enterprise Journal, 5(3), 210–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Lillo, F., Úbeda-García, M., & Marco-Lajara, B. (2017a). The intellectual structure of human resource management research: A bibliometric study of the International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2000–2012. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(13), 1786–1815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Lillo, F., Claver-Cortés, E., Marco-Lajara, B., & Ubeda-Garcia, M. (2017b). Mapping the intellectual structure of research on ‘born global’firms and INVs: A citation/co-citation analysis. Management International Review, 57(4), 631–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garfield, E. (1979). Is citation analysis a legitimate evaluation tool? Scientometrics, 1(4), 359–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution ofsociety: Outline ofthe theory of structuration. Berkeley: U of California P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). Discovering grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gmür, M. (2003). Co-citation analysis and the search for invisible colleges: A methodological evaluation. Scientometrics, 57(1), 27–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granados, M. L., Hlupic, V., Coakes, E., & Mohamed, S. (2011). Social enterprise and social entrepreneurship research and theory: A bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2010. Social Enterprise Journal, 7(3), 198–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, A., Robinson, L. A., & Willett, P. (1984). Hierarchic agglomerative clustering methods for automatic document classification. Journal of Documentation, 40, 175–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gundolf, K., & Filser, M. (2013). Management research and religion: A citation analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1), 177–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5, No. 3 (pp. 207–219). Upper Saddle River: Prentice hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansmann, H. B. (1980). The role of nonprofit enterprise. The Yale Law Journal, 89(5), 835–901.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, R. (2004). Social enterprise: The new economic engine? Business Strategy Review, 15(4), 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haugh, H. (2005). A research agenda for social entrepreneurship. Social Enterprise Journal, 1(1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haugh, H. (2007). Community-led social venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(2), 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemerijck, A. (2002). The self-transformation of the European social model (s). Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft, (4), 39–67.

  • Hoogendoorn, B., & Pennings, H. P. G. (2010). What do we know about social entrepreneurship: an analysis of empirical research (No. ERS-2009-044-ORG). ERIM Report Series Research in Management.

  • Jay, J. (2013). Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 56(1), 137–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B., & Oppenheim, C. (2007). How socially connected are citers to those that they cite? Journal of Documentation, 63(5), 609–637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerlin, J. A. (2006). Social enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and learning from the differences. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17(3), 246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerlin, J. A. (2010). A comparative analysis of the global emergence of social enterprise. VOLUNTAS, 21(2), 162–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kriauciunas, A., Parmigiani, A., & Rivera-Santos, M. (2011). Leaving our comfort zone: Integrating established practices with unique adaptations to conduct survey-based strategy research in nontraditional contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 32(9), 994–1010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruskal, J. B. (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29(1), 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leadbeater, C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur (No. 25). Demos.

  • Lee, Y. D., McLee, Y., & Chen, C. F. P. (2008). Contemporary policing studies: Domain, theme and relationships. Journal of Information Technology and Society, 2, 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehner, O. M., & Kansikas, J. (2012). Opportunity recognition in social entrepreneurship a thematic meta-analysis. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 21(1), 25–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehner, O. M., & Kansikas, J. (2013). Pre-paradigmatic status of social entrepreneurship research: A systematic literature review. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 198–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepoutre, J., Justo, R., Terjesen, S., & Bosma, N. (2013). Designing a global standardized methodology for measuring social entrepreneurship activity: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor social entrepreneurship study. Small Business Economics, 40(3), 693–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, G., & Ko, W. W. (2012). Organizational learning and marketing capability development: A study of the charity retailing operations of British social enterprise. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(4), 580–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, M. B., & MacMillan, I. C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, S., Hardy, C., & Lawrence, T. B. (2004). Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 657–679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., Battilana, J., & Cardenas, J. (2012). Organizing for society: A typology of social entrepreneuring models. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 353–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., Robinson, J., & Hockerts, K. (Eds.). (2006). Social entrepreneurship (p. 3). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshakova, I. V. (1973). Document coupling system based on references taken from Science Citation Index. Russia, Nauchno-Teknicheskaya Informatsiya, Ser, 2.

  • Martin, R. L., & Osberg, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: The case for definition (Vol. 5, 2, pp. 28–39). Stanford: Stanford social innovation review.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, C., & Doherty, B. (2016). A fair trade-off? Paradoxes in the governance of fair-trade social enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(3), 451–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCain, K. W. (1990). Mapping authors in intellectual space: A technical overview. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 41(6), 433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyskens, M., Robb-Post, C., Stamp, J. A., Carsrud, A. L., & Reynolds, P. D. (2010). Social Ventures from a Resource-Based Perspective: An Exploratory Study Assessing Global Ashoka Fellows. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(4), 661–680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. L., Grimes, M. G., McMullen, J. S., & Vogus, T. J. (2012). Venturing for others with heart and head: How compassion encourages social entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Review, 37(4), 616–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mort, G., Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K. (2003). Social entrepreneurship: Towards conceptualisation. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 76–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, T. W., Short, J. C., Payne, G. T., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2011). Dual identities in social ventures: An exploratory study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(4), 805–830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerur, S. P., Rasheed, A. A., & Natarajan, V. (2008). The intellectual structure of the strategic management field: An author co-citation analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 29(3), 319–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbert, S. L. (2014). Building theory in social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 239–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A. (Ed.). (2006). Social entrepreneurship. New models of sustainable social change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A. (2009). ‘We do good things, don’t we?’:‘Blended Value Accounting’in social entrepreneurship. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(6), 755–769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, A. (2010). The legitimacy of social entrepreneurship: Reflexive isomorphism in a pre-paradigmatic field. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 611–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyssens, M. (Ed.). (2006). Social enterprise. At the crossroads of market, public policies and civil society. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otte, E., & Rousseau, R. (2002). Social network analysis: A powerful strategy, also for the information sciences. Journal of Information Science, 28(6), 441–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pache, A. C., & Santos, F. (2010). When worlds collide: The internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands. Academy of Management Review, 35(3), 455–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pache, A. C., & Santos, F. (2013). Inside the hybrid organization: Selective coupling as a response to competing institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 972–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, C., & Howorth, C. (2008). The language of social entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 20(3), 285–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, J. (2003). Social enterprise in anytown. London: Calouste Golbenkian Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peredo, A. M., & Chrisman, J. J. (2006). Toward a theory of community-based enterprise. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 309–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peredo, A. M., & McLean, M. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 56–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persson, O., Danell, R., & Wiborg Schneider, J. 2009. How to use Bibexcel for various types of bibliometric analysis. In F. Åström, R. Danell, B. Larsen, J. Schneider, (Eds.) Celebrating scholarly communication studies: A Festschrift for Olle Persson at his 60th Birthday (pp 9–24). Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organisations. New York, 175.

  • Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., O’Regan, N., & James, P. (2015). Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review. Group & Organization Management, 40(3), 428–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilkington, A., & Meredith, J. (2009). The evolution of the intellectual structure of operations management—1980–2006: A citation/co-citation analysis. Journal of Operations Management, 27(3), 185–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value: How to reinvent capitalism—and unleash a wave of innovation and growth. Harvard Business Review, 89(1–2), 62–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K. (2005). Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid: Eradicating poverty through proits. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R., & Ruíz-Navarro, J. (2004). Changes in the intellectual structure of strategic management research: A bibliometric study of the Strategic Management Journal, 1980–2000. Strategic Management Journal, 25(10), 981–1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratnatunga, J., & Romano, C. (1997). A “citation classics” analysis of articles in contemporary small enterprise research. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(3), 197–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reader, D., & Watkins, D. (2006). The social and collaborative nature of entrepreneurship scholarship: A co-citation and perceptual analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(3), 417–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rey-Martí, A., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2016). A bibliometric analysis of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1651–1655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley-Duff, R., & Bull, M. (2011). Understanding social enterprise, theory & practice. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos, F. M. (2012). A positive theory of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 335–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassmannshausen, S. P., & Volkmann, C. (2018). The scientometrics of social entrepreneurship and its establishment as an academic field. Journal of Small Business Management.

  • Schildt, H. A., Zahra, S. A., & Sillanpää, A. (2006). Scholarly communities in entrepreneurship research: A co-citation analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(3), 399–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Socialism, capitalism and democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. W. (1991). The evidence of experience. Critical Inquiry, 17(4), 773–797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor. Business Horizons, 48(3), 241–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2007). Profitable business models and market creation in the context of deep poverty: A strategic view. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(4), 49–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharir, M., & Lerner, M. (2006). Gauging the success of social ventures initiated by individual social entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 6–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, E., & Carter, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 418–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, J. C., Moss, T. W., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2009). Research in social entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(2), 161–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, H. (1973). Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 24(4), 265–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, H., & Greenlee, E. (1980). Citation context analysis of a co-citation cluster: Recombinant-DNA. Scientometrics, 2(4), 277–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. K., Gonin, M., & Besharov, M. L. (2013). Managing social-business tensions: A review and research agenda for social enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(3), 407–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spear, R. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: a different model? International Journal of Social Economics, 33(5/6), 399–410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basic qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, S. (2012). What’s in a name? Making sense of social enterprise discourses. Public Policy and Administration, 27(2), 99–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thake, S., & Zadek, S. (1997). Practical people, noble causes: How to support community-based social entrepreneurs. Executive summary. New Economics Foundation.

  • Thompson, J., Alvy, G., & Lees, A. (2000). Social entrepreneurship–a new look at the people and the potential. Management Decision, 38(5), 328–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(5), 412–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. L. (2008). Social enterprise and social entrepreneurship: where have we reached?: A summary of issues and discussion points. Social Enterprise Journal, 4(2), 149–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, D. M., & Hart, T. A. (2008). Perceived institutional ambiguity and the choice of organizational form in social entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(4), 685–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, P., & Jarvis, O. (2007). Toward a theory of social venture franchising. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(5), 667–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, P., & Phillips, N. (2007). The distinctive challenge of educating social entrepreneurs: A postscript and rejoinder to the special issue on entrepreneurship education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 6(2), 264–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Jarvis, O. (2011). Bridging institutional entrepreneurship and the creation of new organizational forms: A multilevel model. Organization Science, 22(1), 60–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uysal, ÖÖ (2010). Business ethics research with an accounting focus: A bibliometric analysis from 1988 to 2007. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1), 137–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research. Advances in Entrepreneurship Firm Emergence and Growth, 3(1), 119–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. A., & Post, J. E. (1991). Social entrepreneurs and catalytic change. Public Administration Review, 51, 393–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications (Vol. 8). Cambridge: Cambridge university press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weerawardena, J., & Mort, G. S. (2006). Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. D., & Griffith, B. C. (1981). Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 32(3), 163–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. D., & McCain, K. W. (1998). Visualizing a discipline: An author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972–1995. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49(4), 327–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F., & Post, J. E. (2013). Business models for people, planet (& profits): Exploring the phenomena of social business, a market-based approach to social value creation. Small Business Economics, 40(3), 715–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yue, W., & Wilson, C. S. (2004). Measuring the citation impact of research journals in clinical neurology: A structural equation modelling analysis. Scientometrics, 60(3), 317–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M. (2007). Creating a world without poverty: Social business and the future of capitalism. New York: Public Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunus, M., Moingeon, B., & Lehmann-Ortega, L. (2010). Building social business models: Lessons from the Grameen experience. Long Range Planning, 43(2), 308–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., Rawhouser, H. N., Bhawe, N., Neubaum, D. O., & Hayton, J. C. (2008). Globalization of social entrepreneurship opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(2), 117–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H., Zhang, F., & Kwon, J. (2017). Corporate social responsibility research in international business journals: An author co-citation analysis. International Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.09.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

We have not received any funding from any source for conducting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LM Thapar School of Management, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Pradeep Kumar Hota

  2. Thiagarajar School of Management, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625005, India

    Balaji Subramanian

  3. Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, IIM Kozhikode Campus (P.O), Kunnamangalam, 673570, Kerala, India

    Balaji Subramanian

  4. University of Liverpool Management School, Chatham Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZH, UK

    Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy

Authors
  1. Pradeep Kumar Hota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Balaji Subramanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pradeep Kumar Hota.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Research Involving Human and Animal Rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

There were no human participants involved in this study, and hence, informed consent is not needed.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 35 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hota, P.K., Subramanian, B. & Narayanamurthy, G. Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis. J Bus Ethics 166, 89–114 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04129-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04129-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation