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The role of calcium and vitamin D dietary intake on risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to analyze the current evidence about the relationships between calcium/vitamin D and CRC based on case–control studies according to sex, tumor location and continental region to complement the information obtained in meta-analyses of other designs.

Methods

The articles were located in three databases (PUBMED, EMBASE and SCOPUS), they should be written in English language, with a case and control design and published between 1 January 1970 and 31 October 2019.

Results

There were 37 selected studies, 32 for intake of calcium, that involved 24,353 CRC cases and 30,650 controls, and 23 for that of VIT D, with a total of 19,076 cases and 36.746 controls included. For dietary calcium intake, the overall OR was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92–0.97), suggesting a reducing effect with a 6% decrease in CRC risk for every 300 mg of calcium ingested daily. Regarding vitamin D intake a global OR of 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.98) was observed, what means a 4% decrease in the risk of CRC per 100 IU/day of vitamin D.

Conclusion

Higher dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated to a decreased risk of CRC.

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Data availability

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Code availability

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain

    Juan Francisco Lopez-Caleya

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain

    Luis Ortega-Valín

  3. Faculty of Health Sciences, The Research Group in Gene—Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS) / Institut of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain

    Tania Fernández-Villa, Vicente Martín-Sánchez & Antonio José Molina

  4. Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez

  5. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Vicente Martín-Sánchez

Authors
  1. Juan Francisco Lopez-Caleya
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  2. Luis Ortega-Valín
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  3. Tania Fernández-Villa
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  4. Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
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  5. Vicente Martín-Sánchez
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  6. Antonio José Molina
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Contributions

The scheme of authors’ contributions is the following: conception and design of the study (AJM, JFLC, VMS). Search and selection of articles (JFLC, AJM, LOV). Data extraction (JFLC, AJM, TFV). Analysis and interpretation of data (JFLC, AJM, MDR, VMS). Drafting the article (JFLC, LOV, AJM). Revising it critically for important intellectual content (TFV, MDR, VMS). Final approval of the version to be submitted (all authors).

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Correspondence to Antonio José Molina.

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Lopez-Caleya, J.F., Ortega-Valín, L., Fernández-Villa, T. et al. The role of calcium and vitamin D dietary intake on risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies. Cancer Causes Control 33, 167–182 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01512-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01512-3

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