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Predictors of Adherence and Outcome in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Delivered in a Telephone Counseling Setting

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Abstract

This study investigated predictors of adherence and outcome in a sample of callers to a national crisis telephone counseling service who were randomized to receive a 6-week, online, self-administered psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention. Age, sex, relationship status, employment status, level of education, baseline depression symptom severity, and motivation to undertake the intervention were examined as predictors of adherence to the intervention in participants assigned to receive the online intervention (n = 83). Predictors of depression outcome were assessed using mixed models repeated measures ANOVA, comparing the two web-CBT intervention groups to the tracking and control groups (n = 155). Lower baseline depression severity was significantly associated with greater adherence to the intervention. A significant interaction was found between measurement occasion and motivation to undertake the intervention. At 6 month follow-up, participants with low and moderate levels of motivation had lower depressive symptoms than those with high levels of motivation. At 12 month follow-up, those with moderate levels of motivation had lower depressive symptoms than those with high motivation. The findings suggest that lower pre-intervention depression symptoms may positively influence adherence to online treatment for depression, while low and moderate levels of motivation appear to be optimal for treatment outcome. The factors that relate to adherence and outcome need to be understood to prevent dropout and maximize treatment effectiveness in online interventions.

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Acknowledgments

The trial on which this paper is based was funded by an Australian Research Council Linkage Project Grant (LP0667970). K.M.G. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship (525413). H.C. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship (525411). P.J.B. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (1035262). Nicole Hayes (nee Burgess) coordinated and conducted data collection for the trial. Dawn O’Neil was involved in obtaining funding for the trial and coordinating Lifeline Australia’s collaboration with the ANU. Associate Prof Richard O’Kearney provided guidance on the background to this study. Trevor Carlyon was also involved in coordinating Lifeline staff and volunteer involvement in the trial and supported Nicole in her role.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Building 63, Eggleston Road, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia

    Louise M. Farrer, Kathleen M. Griffiths & Philip J. Batterham

  2. Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia

    Helen Christensen

  3. Biostatistics Unit, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Andrew J. Mackinnon

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  1. Louise M. Farrer
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  2. Kathleen M. Griffiths
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  3. Helen Christensen
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  5. Philip J. Batterham
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Correspondence to Louise M. Farrer.

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Farrer, L.M., Griffiths, K.M., Christensen, H. et al. Predictors of Adherence and Outcome in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy Delivered in a Telephone Counseling Setting. Cogn Ther Res 38, 358–367 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9589-1

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